So...how can Paul say..."sin revived and I died".
Understanding Paul’s Statement: “Sin Revived, and I Died”
Paul’s statement, “sin revived and I died,” is found in Romans 7:9 (KJV): "For I was alive without the law once: but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died." This verse is part of a larger passage (Romans 7:7-25) where Paul reflects on the relationship between the law, sin, and the human condition.
Exegesis of Romans 7:9
Greek Text and Analysis
Greek Text (Romans 7:9, NA28):
"ἐγὼ δὲ ἔζων χωρὶς νόμου ποτέ· ἐλθούσης δὲ τῆς ἐντολῆς, ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησεν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπέθανον·"
ἐγὼ (egō): Pronoun, 1st person singular - "I"
ἔζων (ezōn): Verb, imperfect active indicative, 1st person singular - "was living"
χωρὶς (chōris): Preposition - "without"
νόμου (nomou): Noun, genitive singular masculine - "law"
ποτέ (pote): Adverb - "once"
ἐλθούσης (elthousēs): Participle, aorist active genitive singular feminine - "when came"
τῆς ἐντολῆς (tēs entolēs): Noun, genitive singular feminine - "the commandment"
ἡ ἁμαρτία (hē hamartia): Noun, nominative singular feminine - "sin"
ἀνέζησεν (anezēsen): Verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - "revived"
ἐγὼ (egō): Pronoun, 1st person singular - "I"
ἀπέθανον (apethanon): Verb, aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - "died"
Explanation and Interpretation
Contextual Background
In Romans 7, Paul is addressing the role of the Mosaic Law and its relationship to sin and human nature. He uses his own experience as a case study to explain a broader theological point.
Key Points in Romans 7:9
Living Without the Law:
Paul describes a time when he was "alive without the law." This phrase suggests a period before the law’s impact was fully realized in his life. It might refer to a state of perceived innocence or ignorance before understanding the law’s demands.
Arrival of the Commandment:
"When the commandment came" indicates the moment Paul became aware of the law's requirements. This awareness brought a new understanding of sin.
Sin Revived:
The Greek verb "ἀνέζησεν" (anezēsen) means "revived" or "came to life again." Paul indicates that the commandment made sin come alive in a way that he had not previously experienced. The law, by defining and prohibiting sin, made him acutely aware of his sinful nature.
I Died:
The phrase "I died" reflects Paul’s realization of his own spiritual death due to sin. When the law revealed his sinfulness, he recognized his separation from God and his inability to achieve righteousness on his own. This "death" is metaphorical, signifying the recognition of his spiritual helplessness and guilt before God.
Theological Implications
The Law’s Role in Revealing Sin:
Paul argues that the law is not sinful; rather, it reveals sin. By defining what is sinful, the law exposes the sinful nature and actions of individuals. This leads to a heightened awareness of one’s own sinfulness.
Sin’s Deceptive Power:
The law, although good, becomes an occasion for sin to exploit human weakness. Paul explains that sin uses the law to stir up sinful desires, leading to spiritual death.
Need for Christ:
Paul’s recognition of his own spiritual death under the law underscores the need for Christ. The law reveals the problem of sin, but it cannot provide the solution. The solution is found in Jesus Christ, who offers redemption and new life through His death and resurrection.
Practical Application
Awareness of Sin:
Like Paul, believers must recognize the role of God’s law in revealing sin. This recognition should lead to humility and an acknowledgment of one’s need for a Savior.
Dependence on Christ:
Understanding the insufficiency of the law to save should drive believers to depend fully on Christ for salvation. The gospel offers what the law cannot: forgiveness, grace, and transformation.
Living by the Spirit:
Romans 8, which follows Paul’s discussion in Romans 7, emphasizes living by the Spirit. Believers are called to walk according to the Spirit, who empowers them to live in a way that pleases God, overcoming the power of sin.
Conclusion
Paul’s statement, “sin revived, and I died,” reflects his personal realization of sin’s power and his own spiritual death upon encountering the law’s demands. This experience highlights the law’s role in revealing sin and the need for Christ’s redemptive work. It serves as a reminder of the insufficiency of human effort and the necessity of grace through faith in Jesus Christ for true spiritual life and righteousness.
“But sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all
manner of concupiscence. For without the law sin was dead.
“For I was alive without the law once: but when the commandment
came, sin revived, and I died” (Rom. 7:8,9).
Up to this point, Paul has been talking about the Law and its effect on us when “we” (v. 4,5,6) were unsaved. Paul’s shift here to
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the pronoun “me” indicates he is about to get to the point and give a
personal testimony concerning his relationship to the Law after he
got saved.
Paul was “alive without the law,” i.e., he got saved and became spiritually alive as all of us did, by grace through faith apart from the deeds
of the law (Rom. 3:20,28). Grace taught him to deny ungodliness and
worldly lusts, and to “live soberly, righteously and godly” in gratitude
to God for saving him (Titus 2:11,12), and he eschewed evil with all
the vigor and enthusiasm of a newly saved child of God.
Then, like all of us, he thought the Law would help him deal with sin
better. But “when the commandment came,” i.e., when he introduced
the Law into his life to try to help him with sin, it had the very opposite
effect. As he puts it, “when the commandment came, sin revived.”
We have seen that the Law goads unbelievers to sin and makes
them see their need of a Savior. But the Law has the same effect in
believers! When we get saved, we receive a new nature from the Lord,
but we do not lose the old sin nature that longs to sin all the more
when it is told not to.
So when Paul placed himself under the Law, the Law continued to do
what it did before we were saved, give motion to sin, and “sin revived.”
Sin fell asleep when Paul was saved by grace, but he inadvertently
revived it with the application of the Law.
As Paul puts it, sin took occasion by the Law. When a public speaker
says, “I’d like to take this occasion to...”, he means he is about to use
the occasion of his address to an audience for some purpose other than
that for which they have gathered. This is sometimes done by actors
receiving an “Oscar” at the Academy Awards, who take advantage of
the tremendous viewership of the ceremony to make a political statement. In our text, Paul did not introduce the Law into his spiritual
life to work “all manner of concupiscence” in him, but the Law took
the occasion to do just that!
When Paul got saved without the law, “sin was dead.” But when
he invited the Law into his life, sin revived and then the tables were
turned. He “died,” i.e., he died the spiritual death that we spoke of earlier, wherein a believer’s Christian experience shrivels up and dies.1
“And the commandment, which was ordained to life, I found to be
unto death” (Rom. 7:10).
Paul knows his readers will be further troubled by his further affirmation that the Law gives occasion to sin, and so he hastens to affirm
that the Law was “ordained to life.” Over and over the Bible declares
that if a man could keep the Law perfectly, God would gladly reward
such a man with eternal life (Lev. 18:5 cf. Luke 10:25-28; Rom. 2:6,7;
10:5). But the words “continueth” and “all” in Galatians 3:10 indicate
that God demands 100% obedience to the Law, 100% of the time! Since
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this is something no unbeliever can attain, the Law became known as
“the ministration of death” (II Cor. 3:7).
But when Paul applied the Law to his life after he was saved, he
learned what we all learn when we follow his example, and that is
that we are no more able to keep the Law perfectly now that we are
saved than when we were lost! He soon found that all his spiritual
vital signs had flat-lined, and he needed to awake out of the sleep of
this “death” (cf. Eph. 5:14).
“For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and
by it slew me” (Rom. 7:11).
Imagine taking a drug that you thought was saving your life, only to
learn that it was killing you instead! Such is the case with the believer
and the Law. He thinks it is helping him, when in truth it is killing
him! This is how sin “deceived” Paul, and how it deceives us all!
“Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just,
and good” (Rom. 7:12).
Paul says the Law is “good” in I Timothy 1:8 also, but there he
explains that it is only good “if a man use it lawfully.” Paul then goes
on to explain that “the law is not made for a righteous man,” i.e., for
believers. The only lawful use of the Law is to bring conviction of sin on
those who are “lawless and disobedient,” to drive them to the Savior.
“Was then that which is good made death unto me? God forbid.
But sin, that it might appear sin, working death in me by that which
is good; that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful” (Rom. 7:13).
Here Paul hastens to add that it was not the Law that slew him, it
was sin working by the Law. Paul knows that men like to find fault
with laws that condemn them. When we are issued a speeding ticket,
it is not because we were going too fast, of course, it is because the
speed limit is set too low! There is nothing wrong with us, it is the law
that is wrong! Here, Paul rushes to explain that he was not saying
there was anything wrong with the Law of Moses.