Again, nit picking @Episkopos and I really don't care you saying my lack of depth of understanding.
A.T. Robertson's "Word Pictures in the New Testament"
A.T. Robertson provides detailed exegetical comments on the New Testament, and his insights on the term "aphesis" often emphasize its roots and broader implications:
Mark 1:4 (John's Baptism):
"John came, who baptized in the wilderness and preached the baptism of repentance unto remission of sins" (Mark 1:4 ASV).
Robertson notes that "aphesis" here refers to the "sending away" or "release" of sins, emphasizing that it is a decisive act by God whereby sins are forgiven or remitted. This concept aligns with the broader New Testament usage where forgiveness is seen as a release from the bondage of sin.
Ephesians 1:7:
"In whom we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace" (Ephesians 1:7 ASV).
Robertson highlights that "aphesis" signifies a "sending away" or "release" and that it is part of the redemption that believers have through Christ’s blood. The term here underscores the completeness of the forgiveness granted, which is rooted in God’s grace.
Marvin Vincent's "Word Studies in the New Testament"
Marvin Vincent provides detailed word studies that explore the nuances of Greek terms in the New Testament. His discussion on "aphesis" brings out the depth of the term's meaning:
Luke 4:18:
"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance (aphesis) to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty (aphesis) them that are bruised" (Luke 4:18 KJV).
Vincent notes that "aphesis" here should be understood as "release" or "deliverance," which carries the dual sense of both physical and spiritual liberation. The context of Jesus’ ministry involves setting people free from various forms of bondage, including sin, which aligns with the broader understanding of forgiveness as liberation.
Acts 2:38:
"Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission (aphesis) of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost" (Acts 2:38 KJV).
Vincent emphasizes that "aphesis" here involves the release from the guilt and penalty of sins. This forgiveness is tied to repentance and baptism, highlighting the transformative aspect of forgiveness in the early Christian proclamation.
Summary of Insights
Both Robertson and Vincent highlight that the term "aphesis" encompasses a broad spectrum of meanings related to forgiveness, including:
Release from Bondage: "Aphesis" involves a release or sending away, particularly in the sense of liberating someone from the bondage of sin.
Remission of Sins: It signifies the remission or forgiveness of sins, emphasizing that sins are not just overlooked but are decisively removed.
Holistic Liberation: The term is used in contexts that speak to both physical and spiritual liberation, illustrating the comprehensive nature of the salvation offered through Christ.
Conclusion
The term "aphesis" is rich with meaning, capturing both the release from the bondage of sin and the granting of forgiveness. Robertson and Vincent’s insights emphasize that biblical forgiveness is not merely a legal pardon but a profound liberation from the power and penalty of sin, achieved through the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. This understanding aligns with the holistic message of the gospel, which offers complete restoration and freedom for those who believe.
Greek Hermeneutics of "Aphesis" (ἄφεσις)
Aphesis (ἄφεσις) is a Greek term translated as "forgiveness" or "remission." It appears in various New Testament contexts, conveying the concept of release or liberation from sins. Here are some key passages where "aphesis" is used, along with hermeneutical insights:
Key Passages
Luke 4:18:
ESV: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty (aphesis) to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty (aphesis) those who are oppressed."
Hermeneutics:
Context: This verse is part of Jesus' reading from Isaiah 61:1-2 in the synagogue at Nazareth. "Aphesis" here is used twice to emphasize the comprehensive nature of Jesus' mission.
Meaning: The term "aphesis" denotes release or liberation. In this context, it extends beyond physical liberation to include spiritual and emotional release. Jesus' mission encompasses setting people free from sin, spiritual blindness, and oppression.
Mark 1:4:
ESV: "John appeared, baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness (aphesis) of sins."
Hermeneutics:
Context: John the Baptist’s ministry focused on preparing the way for Jesus through a baptism of repentance.
Meaning: "Aphesis" here signifies the remission or forgiveness of sins. The emphasis is on the cleansing and release from sin's guilt and penalty through repentance.
Acts 2:38:
ESV: "And Peter said to them, 'Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness (aphesis) of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.'"
Hermeneutics:
Context: This is part of Peter’s sermon on the day of Pentecost, calling people to repentance and baptism.
Meaning: "Aphesis" indicates the forgiveness of sins, linked to the acts of repentance and baptism. It underscores the transformative power of turning to Christ and receiving His grace.
Ephesians 1:7:
ESV: "In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness (aphesis) of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace."
Hermeneutics:
Context: Paul is speaking about the spiritual blessings in Christ, focusing on redemption and forgiveness.
Meaning: "Aphesis" refers to the release from sins, granted through Christ’s sacrificial death. This forgiveness is an expression of God's abundant grace.
Colossians 1:13-14:
ESV: "He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness (aphesis) of sins."
Hermeneutics:
Context: Paul emphasizes the transformative work of Christ in delivering believers from darkness to light.
Meaning: "Aphesis" signifies the forgiveness associated with redemption. It highlights the complete deliverance and liberation from the power of sin and darkness.
Lexical Insights
BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich Greek-English Lexicon):
Aphesis: "Release, pardon, forgiveness. Often used in the LXX for the year of jubilee (Lev. 25:10)."
The term captures both the act of freeing from physical bondage and the spiritual release from sin.
Thayer's Greek Lexicon:
Aphesis: "1. Release from bondage or imprisonment. 2. Forgiveness or pardon, of sins (letting them go as if they had never been committed), remission of the penalty."
Thayer emphasizes the dual aspect of "aphesis" as both physical and spiritual release.
Hermeneutical Analysis
Release and Liberation: "Aphesis" fundamentally means a release or liberation. In the New Testament, this often extends to the forgiveness of sins, indicating a profound release from spiritual bondage and guilt.
Covenantal and Eschatological Dimensions: The concept of "aphesis" in Jesus’ mission (Luke 4:18) and the apostles’ preaching (Acts 2:38) has deep roots in Jewish eschatological hope, particularly the idea of the Jubilee year (Leviticus 25:10), which was a time of liberation and restoration.
Redemptive Context: The use of "aphesis" in passages like Ephesians 1:7 and Colossians 1:14 situates forgiveness within the broader context of redemption, emphasizing that it is through Christ’s sacrificial death that believers receive this liberation.
Conclusion
The Greek term "aphesis" embodies both the ideas of forgiveness and liberation. It appears in key New Testament passages to emphasize the comprehensive nature of salvation offered through Jesus Christ.
By understanding "aphesis" as both a release from the bondage of sin and the granting of forgiveness, we grasp the full scope of the gospel's transformative power. This insight is supported by Greek lexicons and is evident in the hermeneutical analysis of the relevant biblical texts using the ESV translation.