The Atonement of Christ has reconciled the elect world to God. It secured and ensured for it [ the elect world] every spiritual blessing needed to live unto God and for His Glory through Jesus Christ.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: ISAIAH 52:13-15
13Behold, My servant will prosper,
He will be high and lifted up and greatly exalted.
14Just as many were astonished at you, My people,
So His appearance was marred more than any man
And His form more than the sons of men.
15Thus He will sprinkle many nations,
Kings will shut their mouths on account of Him;
For what had not been told them they will see,
And what they had not heard they will understand.
52:13 "will prosper" This verb (BDB 968, KB 1328, Hiphil imperfect) has two connotations.
to consider, to give attention to, to ponder ‒ Isa. 41:20; 44:18; Deut. 32:29; Ps. 64:9
to prosper, "to have success" ‒ 1 Sam. 18:15; Isa. 52:13; Jer. 20:11; 23:5
The question is which of these best parallel the series of verbs "high," "lifted," and "greatly exalted." Will the Servant be
listened to
lifted up
Both fit the context of chapters 44-55.
"He will be high and lifted up and greatly exalted" The threefold use of these verbs with similar meaning intensifies the idea.
will be high ‒ BDB 926, KB 1202, Qal imperfect, cf. Isa. 6:1; 57:15
will be lifted up ‒ BDB 669, KB 724, Niphal perfect (with waw), cf. Isa. 6:1; 33:10; 57:15
will be greatly exalted ‒ BDB 146, KB 170, Qal perfect (with waw), cf. Isa. 5:16
52:14
NASB, NKJV, LXX "were astonished at you"
NRSV "were astonished at him"
NJB "were aghast at him"
JPSOA "were appalled at him"
REB "recoil at the sight of him"
Peshitta "amazed at him"
NET "were horrified by the sight of you"
The MT has "you," עליך (also LXX), but "him," עליו is read by the Targums and some Syriac versions. The UBS Text Project, p. 142, gives "you" a B rating, p. 142.
There is a fluidity between the corporate focus ("you") and the individual ("him") in the Servant Songs. The individual ideal Israelite paid the price for corporate Israel (cf. Isa. 53:8) as well as corporate humanity (cf. Gen. 3:15)!
"My people"
This is not in the Masoretic Hebrew text. The Servant is not identified with corporate Israel but an individual, an ideal Israelite (i.e., Messiah.
"His appearance was marred more than any man,
And His form more than the sons of men"
The term "marred" (BDB 1008, KB 644) is found only here. BDB has "disfigurement of face." KB has "ugly in form," from an Arabic root.
The same root consonants are used in Lev. 22:25 for "corruption."
The same root consonanta are used in Ezek. 9:1 for "destruction."
Jesus was beaten very badly, almost unrecognizable, first by the Sanhedrin and then by the Roman soldiers. The rabbis used this verse to say that the Messiah will have leprosy.
52:15
NASB, NKJV "sprinkle"
NRSV, JPSOA, NET "startle"
NJB, LXX "astonished"
Peshitta "purify"
The MT (NASB) has a sacrificial term (BDB 633 I, KB 683, Hiphil imperfect, cf. Exod. 29:21: Lev. 4:6,17; 5:8; 6:27; 8:11,30; 14:7,16,27,51; 16:14,15,19; Num. 8:7; 19:4,18,19,21). It can also mean "spattered" (cf. Lev. 6:27; 2 Kgs. 9:33; Isa. 63:3). Many modern translations have "startle" (BDB 633 II, "cause to leap"), which comes from an Arabic root. The UBS Text Project, p. 142, gives the MT a "B" rating (some doubt).
The question is "What do the kings hear and see?"
a marred man (Isa. 52:14; 53:5)
a high, lifted up, and greatly exalted man (Isa. 52:13)
Does the verb of Isa. 52:15a mean:
startle with joy
startle with shock
sprinkled as a sacrifice (cf. Isa. 53:4-5,10)
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: ISAIAH 53:1-3
1Who has believed our message?
And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?
2For He grew up before Him like a tender shoot,
And like a root out of parched ground;
He has no stately form or majesty
That we should look upon Him,
Nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him.
3He was despised and forsaken of men,
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief;
And like one from whom men hide their face
He was despised, and we did not esteem Him.
53:1 "Who has believed our message" The speaker (plural) is uncertain, but possibly
the faithful Jewish remnant
the prophets
It is obvious that very few understood the concept of a suffering Messiah (cf. John 12:38; Rom. 10:16)! However, one day the kings of the earth will understand (cf. Isa. 52:15 and Phil. 2:6-11)!
For "believed" (BDB 52, KB 63, Hiphil perfect)
"arm of the Lord"
This is an anthropomorphic phrase (cf. Isa. 51:9; 52:9,10; Deut. 5:15) for YHWH's actions, here involving the ministry of the Servant.
53:2 "like a tender shoot" This (BDB 413) refers to His inconspicuous beginnings. It has some connotative relationship with the Messianic term "Branch" (BDB 666, cf. Isa. 4:2; 11:1,10). Both are used together in Isa. 11:1.
"He has no stately form or majesty
That we should look upon Him"
Jesus was not physically unusual or attractive. He did not stand out in a crowd in any way (i.e., He could melt into the crowd, cf. John 8:59; 12:36).
53:3 "He was despised" This verb (BDB 102, KB 117, Niphal participle) is used as a title, "The Despised One" in Isa. 49:7. The Qal passive participle is used in Ps. 22:6, which Christians believe describes Jesus' crucifixion (cf. Matt. 27:35,39,43,46; Mark 15:29,34; Luke 23:34; John 19:24; 20:25).
So many of the texts in this section of Isaiah are used in the NT. Isaiah clearly reveals God's redemptive plan for all humans.
The last two lines of Isa. 53:3 have been interpreted in several ways.
some of the rabbis said the Messiah would have leprosy (cf. Isa. 53:11)
some relate it to 52:14 and see it referring to the beatings Jesus received at the hands of Herod's and Pilate's guards
some relate it to Jesus' words in Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27 (from Zech. 13:7) or John 16:32
"sorrows" This word (BDB 456) can mean
physical pain ‒ Exod. 3:7
emotional pain ‒ Ps. 38:17-18; Jer. 45:3
It is used in this context (53:13-14) of the Servant suffering on behalf of Israel (cf. Isa. 53:8) and all mankind (cf. Isa. 53:6).
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