Peter is talking to a particular church, which contains Jewish members living away from home.
The opposite is the truth. What Peter taught is in keeping with what Paul taught. After establishing the sovereign position held by God in salvation, Paul brings the Gentiles into the picture in regard to election in Romans 9:23-24. He contends in Romans 9:23-26,
“that he [God] might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory, Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles? As he saith also in Osee (Hosea 2:23), I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved. And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God (Hosea 1:10)”
In his great election discourse of Romans 9, Paul shows how true Israel has expanded out to incorporate the Gentiles. He previously covered this in great detail in Romans 2 and Romans 4. In perfect fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy, the Gentiles have been brought into full union and communion with God, on the same basis as Israel’s remnant community, and have become a part of the spiritual seed of Abraham, through faith in Christ and His atoning sacrifice.
Paul demonstrates in Romans 9:23-26 that Gentiles will be saved and join Israel’s believing remnant and as a result will be wholly considered as God’s chosen people. He proceeds to quote Hosea 2:23 (in verse 25) and Hosea 1:10 (in verse 26) to support his hypothesis. We see the enjoinment highlighted by the prophet Hosea in unambiguous terms. Not even the Dispensationalists could dilute this down or explain it away. Hosea 1:10 declares:
“Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God.”
This correlates with many New Testament Scriptures that prove that we who were once aliens from God’s favor and separated from true Israel have now been fully integrated into believing Israel. New covenant Gentiles have been grafted into faithful Israel. Believing Gentiles and believing Israel share the same spiritual space and are not part of separate programs.
The next verse reveals what it is all about: “Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Jezreel.” The Old Testament narrative is seen to be all about Jesus.
God’s heart was always to reach out to the Gentiles in a significant way. In the Old Testament they were frequently viewed in negative terms as blind, ignorant, in darkness and not God’s people. But an important part of the Abrahamic covenant, and the new covenant arrangement, was the enlightenment of the Gentiles. The cross was the turning point, but Pentecost empowered the Jewish believers to reach out and touch the nations. As a result, countless Gentiles were adopted into the congregation of God on an equal footing to the Jews. This supports the reality of a continuity of God’s people relating to God’s overriding covenant of grace covering both testaments.
Paul then quotes from Hosea 2:23:
“I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which were not my people, Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.”
Central to Paul’s “remnant” theology teaching is the integration of the Gentiles into faithful Israel. He demonstrates how a large influx of Gentiles would come into the covenant family. The spiritual blessings and promises that were near exclusively restricted to natural Israelites have now been imparted to the Gentiles by faith. The New Testament people of God are now:
1. The “children of the living God.”
2. His “beloved” possession.
3. And are intimately known by God as “my people.”
The elect remnant (the early followers of Jesus) functioned in the covenant promises pertaining to Israel, including extending out salvation to the nations. The Abrahamic promises, and many other Old Testament prophecies were realized in the growth of the new covenant congregation of God (
ekklesia) to the nations – the Church. Paul confirms this when speaking to the Gentile believers at Galatia, saying, “Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise. But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now” Galatians 4:28-29).
There is now no difference today between them and the elect Jews. Nationality doesn’t matter anymore today in the new covenant economy. Romans 10:12-13:
“For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.”
There are no ethnicities within the body of Christ. There are no subgroups, cultures, colors or creeds, just one harmonious redeemed company that has been unified through the person and work of Christ our Savior. The distinction is only between those that are born of God and are of the household of faith (both natural Israelites and natural Gentiles) and those that are Christ rejecting and consequently of their father the devil and are therefore of the flesh (both natural Israelites and natural Gentiles). God’s only vehicle for communion and the revelation of Himself on this earth is His body – the temple – the Church. This body, the Church, is the sole body ordained of God for the proclamation and defense of the Word of God, and has Christ as its supreme ruling Head.
Paul continues his thought in Romans 10:19-21. He employs Deuteronomy 32:21 to make this see them point:
“Moses saith, I will provoke you (natural Israel)
to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a foolish nation (the mainly Gentile New Testament Church)
I will anger you.”
This “foolish” nation that has been graciously found of God, without first seeking Him, is the largely Gentile New Testament congregation. They are those of all kindred’s, tongues and tribes, who have come to God through Christ in true repentance. That elect people are not a physical earthly nation but an invisible spiritual kingdom.
In Romans 10:20-21, Paul supports his line of reasoning, this time referring to Isaiah 65:1, saying,
“Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me (the Gentiles).
But to Israel (according to the flesh)
he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people.”
In Romans 10 Paul is tracing the unbelief of the Jews by which they rejected Jesus Christ. Paul makes clear that there is no difference between Jews and Greeks under the new covenant.