QUESTION: IN LUKE 16:19-31, THERE IS A “CERTAIN RICH MAN” WHO DIED AND WAS IN IMMEDIATE TORMENTS IN FLAME (Luke 16:23-25,28). DOESN’T THIS TEACH IMMEDIATE REWARD UPON DEATH, AND ETERNAL TORMENT IN HELL FIRE?
No. Jesus, in Luke 16:19-31, is giving a parable to the Pharisees, in response to their covetousness and adulterousness, in Luke 16:14-18, and it comes in a series of parables, beginning in Luke 15:1-32. See also Luke 14:1-35 for more context. The parable is filled with symbols. Some say that the passage cannot be a parable because it doesn’t use the word “parable”, but that is a man-made tradition, not found in scripture. For instance, see Luke 15:8-10. It’s a parable that doesn’t use the word parable, because it is already part of the series of parables. Also see Ezekiel 4:1-15; Judges 9:7-15, 14:14; 2 Samuel 12:1-7, 14:1-12; Book of Job (parables throughout); Isaiah 5:1-6; Jeremiah 1:11,13; Matthew 5:13-16, 9:15-17, 18:21-35, 20:1-16, 21:28-32, 25:1-13, 14-30; Mark 2:18-22, 3:27, 4:26-29, 7:14-16, 8:15,34-48; Luke 7:40-42, 8:16-18, 10:25-37, 14:16-24, 25-33, 34-35, 15:8-10, 11-32, 16:1-13; John 16:21, and Revelation itself, given nearly entirely in symbol (Revelation 1:1).
Some say Luke 16:19:31 cannot be a parable because it uses ‘proper’ names, like “Abraham”, “Moses and the prophets”, “Lazarus”. This is again a man-made (‘pharisaical’) tradition, that a parable cannot have ‘proper names’ and still remain a parable. There is no such rule in all of scripture, and in fact, there are other parables in scripture which use ‘proper names’, as ‘names’ carry symbolic meaning. See Numbers 23:7-10, “parable”, “Balak”, “Moab”, “Aram”, “Jacob”, “Israel” and “the LORD (JEHOVAH)”. See Ezekiel 23:1-4, “Egypt”, “Aholah the elder”, “Aholibah her sister”, “Samaria is Aholah”, “Jerusalem Aholibah”. See 2 Samuel 12:1-7, with the parable of the prophet Nathan to King David, “the one rich, and the other poor”, “the rich man”, “the poor man”, “a traveller”, “David, thou art the man”. See the parable of Jotham in Judges 9:7-15, “God”, “Lebanon”. See Jesus in Matthew 13:31, “parable”, “mustard seed”. See also, Mark 4:15 - gives “Satan”; Matthew 13:37 - gives “The Son of man”; Matthew 13:39 - gives “The devil” and “angels”; Matthew 15:13 - gives “heavenly Father”; Luke 4:23 - gives as a “proverb” “Physician” to Jesus Himself. See the great Parable and Prophecy of Revelation, “Antipas” (Revelation 2:13); “Balaam” (Revelation 2:14); “Jezebel” (Revelation 2:20); “David” (Revelation 3:7); “children of Israel ... Juda ... Reuben ... Gad ... Aser ... Nepthalim ... Manasses ... Simeon ... Levi ... Issachar ... Zabulon ... Joseph ... Benjamin” (Revelation 7:4-8); “Wormwood” (Revelation 8:11); “Abbadon ... Apollyon” (Revelation 9:11); “Euphrates” (Revelation 9:14); “Gentiles” (Revelation 11:2); “my two witnesses” (Revelation 11:3); “Sodom and Egypt” (Revelation 11:18); “Babylon” (Revelation 14:8, 16:19, 17:5, 18:2,10,21); “Moses” (Revelation 15:3); “Armageddon” (Revelation 16:16); “Gog and Magog” (Revelation 20:8), “Dragon” (Revelation 12:7,9,13,16,17, 20:2); “Michael” (Revelation 12:7); “the Lamb” (throughout Revelation, Revelation 5:6,8,12,13, 6:1,16, 7:9,10,14,17, 12:11, 13:8,11, 14:1,4,10, 15:3, 17:14, 19:7,9, 21:9,14,22,23,27, 22:1,3), &c.
[A.] Num 23:7 And he took up his parable, and said, Balak the king of Moab hath brought me from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel.
[B.] Eze 23:4 And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah.
Moreover, the 'names' (Lazarus, Abraham, Moses) as used in Luke 16:19-31 have meaning (see “as his name is, so is he”, 1 Samuel 25:25; also Proverbs 22:1; Ecclesiastes 7:1). “Lazarus” (G2976) is simply the koine Greek way of saying the Hebrew “Eleazar” (H499, El; (H410)) is my Helper ('azar; (H5826)) or 'Eliezer’ (H461)). Did Abraham have such a servant, that he loved, by that name? Yes (Genesis 15:2), and the name means, “God (El; (H410)) is my Helper ('azar; (H5828))”, or the 'one whom God helps', ie. the poor in Spirit. Does the name “Abraham” (H85; G11) have meaning? Yes, it means, “a father of many nations (multitude)” (Genesis 17:5). Does the name “Moses” have meaning? Yes. It means (H4872, drawn to or out (of the water; Exodus 2:10). Whenever Jesus spoke to the pharisees, it was always in a parable, as foretold:
[A.] Psa_78:2 I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:
[B.] Matthew 13:34 All these things spake Jesus unto the multitude in parables; and without a parable spake he not unto them:
Matthew 13:35 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things which have been kept secret from the foundation of the world.
What does the parable of Luke 16:19-31 mean then? That would be too long of a discussion here, but if one were to look up each symbol, “finger”, “water”, “flames”, “tongue”, &c. they would be able to understand the parable, along with the previous context of what Jesus said to them about covetousness and adultery. Who is the “certain rich man”? It is unrepentant and stubborn “Judah” as a nation. Who are the “five brethren” of the “rich man” (Judah)? They are the other unrepenting tribes (Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Issachar and Zebulon, all of the same mother, “Leah”.) So, do men which die, go straight to their reward upon death? No, Abraham was still dead and buried (Matthew 22:31-32) in the grave, awaiting to come to life in the resurrection, and was not yet in Heaven, and see what Jesus said in Luke 14, just a little before Luke 16:
[A.] Luk 14:14 And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just.
[B.] Rev_22:12 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.
[C.] Joh_8:52 Then said the Jews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste of death.
[D.] Heb 11:13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
Heb 11:39 And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise:
Heb 11:40 God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect.