43 And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay.
44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.
The Cross and the church was the start of this kingdom.
The Cross was the stone cut out without hands.
The church started to multiply on the earth spreading the Gospel throughout the Dark Ages.
It was not just about the ten toes. The church was the mountain that filled the earth by the time the Reformation started.
Had it not been for faithful Christians, the early church fathers would have been nothing, even if they got all the spotlight in church history. Thousands were martyred, not just the outspoken few. But it was the church that did away with these earthly Babylonian empires, by just being faithful and obedient yo God. It was not by physical warfare. The church placed the 6th kingdom, not even covered by Daniel 2, in a mortal position, with a deadly wound.
When the church is removed at the 5th Seal, then Satan will get the credit for restoring a one world 6th kingdom entity, per Revelation 13.
I am not sure why some think the EU is the one with the mortal wound. I don't see any one saying the EU is the restoration of the 6th kingdom. At the 6th Seal the entire geography of the earth is going to change. The ten horns, having no kingdom, will have been gaining a following and an army in the aftermath of the 6th Seal.
I don’t see it being just Europe, but all current nations will be in turmoil, as all the works of man will also be burned up at the same time.
You ask to have an understanding of this image, but this image stopped being relevant at the Reformation, as well as most of Daniel's dreams about these 5 fallen empires. No one from the past is going to be reincarnated, and the types have all been fulfilled. There is no little horn mentioned in Revelation. There is not even an Antichrist mentined in Revelation. In Revelation 13 a new image is set up. That is the only thing relevant in the future.