Catholic Morality: Life in Christ
Catholic morality is about life: “I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly.” (John 10:10)
Faith & baptism give us new life in Christ. That life involves far more than simply following a set of rules.
This article provides an overview of basic principles of Catholic morality.
It is essential to know these principles: they are the how-to manual for living fully your new life, for obtaining that abundant life Christ has promised you.
The Catholic
Catechism starts its section on Catholic morality with St. Leo the Great’s beautiful words:
Christian, recognize your dignity and, now that you share in God’s own nature, do not return to your former base condition by sinning. Remember who is your head and of whose body you are a member. Never forget that you have been rescued from the power of darkness and brought into the light of the Kingdom of God. (
Catechism, #1691)
Morality is a call to
recognize our dignity as men and women who have received a free gift of new life in Christ. We must live accordingly.
The Law of Love
Our Lord Jesus himself clearly taught us the first principles of Catholic morality:
“You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets.” (Mt 22:37-40)
Love, or
charity, is the great commandment of the Lord.
Love of God and love of neighbor are the source & summary of Catholic morality. “All the law and the prophets” flow from this starting point.
This means that
what love requires is the essence of all moral rules, all of the Ten Commandments, and all aspects of morality spoken of by the prophets and even by Christ himself. The only things needed are those things which love makes necessary.
It is also important to say that love does, indeed, require many things!
In fact, it takes only a few simple steps of logic to deduce the Ten Commandments and most of the rest of Catholic morality from this starting point.
Those moral precepts describe the minimum that love requires.
“What do you mean, the minimum?”
Catholic morality’s basic moral code describes the
minimum necessary to live in union with Christ. If we fall below that level, then the life of Christ cannot live within us.
That’s the meaning of
mortal sin: an action which shows God that we refuse his offer to become “children of God” (John 1:12) and “partakers of the divine nature” (2 Pet 1:4).
So if that’s the minimum, then what’s the
maximum that love requires? Again, Jesus provides the answer:
A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another; even as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” (John 13:34-35)
The maximum, then, is to
completely give ourselves for others, even as Christ did for us.
To put it more simply: there is
no maximum! We’ll always find that we can give more.
Challenging? Yes!
So how do we ever live up to this demand?
Grace to the rescue!
The demand to love without limit
is very demanding.
Christ’s disciples thought so, too!
They couldn’t believe that the demands of discipleship far exceeded human ability: “When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astounded and said, ‘Then who can be saved?’” (Mt 19:25)
Jesus’s response to them reveals the key: “With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible” (Mt 19:26).
It is not you who will save yourself,
it is God who saves you!
If you let him, God will give you the strength and ability to do more than you can believe is possible. And the more
you give, the more help God will give you. We call this
grace.
It is the Holy Spirit himself who gives us the gift of grace. He not only calls us to holiness, but he sanctifies us (makes us holy) and gives us the grace we need to respond to his own call.
Once you begin to accept grace, you’ll find that it changes you in wonderful ways:
- There are seven specific Gifts of the Holy Spirit. For the beginning Catholic, they are particularly important: they help us to make progress with greater ease and stronger love during the challenging early stages of Christian life.
- The Holy Spirit will develop many excellent qualities in your life. These fruits are countless, but following St. Paul, the Church lists twelve specific Fruits of the Spirit.
- Much of the spirit’s work within us involves developing the virtues and helping us avoid the vices.
More than anything, though, the Holy Spirit gradually moves us toward the ultimate goal of virtue: to love and act with the heart of Christ himself. This state is described by
The Beatitudes, which begin the beautiful “Sermon on the Mount” in Matthew’s Gospel, chapters 5-7.
They are not just a set of nice ideals: “The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus’ preaching” (
Catechism, #1716). They are a radical call to live according to a new set of standards.
The Beatitudes are a self-portrait of Christ. If you aspire to live in Christ, you will strive to make the Beatitudes your own.
continued...