The Two Witnesses Will Appear in the Next New Moon

  • Welcome to Christian Forums, a Christian Forum that recognizes that all Christians are a work in progress.

    You will need to register to be able to join in fellowship with Christians all over the world.

    We hope to see you as a part of our community soon and God Bless!

Naomanos

Well-Known Member
Jul 5, 2021
2,400
1,166
113
50
Florida
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
What have I taught that is false?

1. I have taught obedience to the commands of God in the Torah. Even the Torah itself tells us to test a teacher by whether he teaches obedience to the commands of the Torah or not.
2. I have taught regarding the 7,000 year plan of God, and the coming of the Mashiach in the year 6,000. This is not a new teaching from me, and is believed by all judaism and also ancient sources.
3. I have taught that fiat currency is evil, and that gold and silver are the true money of God. Even the founding fathers of the very USA were completely against paper money. Again, not a new teaching from me.

You have rejected these teachings because you yourself believe lies that are contrary to the truth. And instead, here are the lies that you and most so called believers believe:

1. You people believe we do not have to obey the commands of God in the Torah, so you people have discarded the Torah entirely. This is a false teaching. This is lawlessness.
2. You people believe the earth is billions of years old and that there is no 7,000 year plan of God with the last 1,000 years set apart. This is also a false teaching. The earth is not billions of years old, it is less than 6,000 years old. And we are now approaching the year 6,000.
3. You people believe using fiat currency is good. This is also a false teaching.

So quite the contrary, it is you people who are false believers and false teachers. You oppose the truth. And you hate those who speak the truth. That is why you berate me and disrespect me and are hostile against me. You are like the sons of Israel that put the prophets and men of God to death because they hated them for speaking the truth to them.

See, even when I show you your error, that would be what I put in quotation marks, you still won't humble yourself and double down on your false teaching and accuse us of being the bad men.

I do not have truth, I dislike false teachers. You are a false teacher and have been exposed as such. People need to use money in order to have a roof over their head, pay their rent/mortgage and things like child support.

Will you bail me out of jail if I no longer pay my child support? Will you pay my rent?

I doubt it. Paul said that if one doesn't provide for his family, they are worse then an infidel and cannot eat. It was also said in the Bible that a worker is worth their wages. God expects us to work. Your teaching on this is false.
 

Ronald David Bruno

Well-Known Member
Nov 7, 2020
4,627
2,320
113
Southern
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
The commands to "love God" and "love your neighbor" are already commands in the Torah, that came through Moses. They are not new commands given by Yeshua, nor were all the other commands of the Torah abolished and only these two kept. A homosexual loves his partner, has he therefore fulfilled the command to love his neighbor? No. Because the Torah also commands, "a man shall not have sex with another man". An adulterer loves his mistress, has he therefore fulfilled the command to love his neighbor? No. Because the Torah also commands, "you shall not commit adultery". Indeed the Torah can be summarized with love, but all the commands of the Torah teach us how to love. Do not steal. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. A man shall have sex with another man. A man shall not dress as a woman. You shall bless God when you eat and are satisfied. All these commands teach us how to love God, and how to love our neighbor, and even how to love our own bodies made in the image of God. Even the nations have laws to govern how each citizen must act. The constitution of the USA doesn't just say, "love each other" and that's it. It has laws that define how we must act towards each other. In likewise manner it is with God. He has a law, with judgments and ordinances and commandments and testimonies, which we must keep, which all in all, teach us how to love.
Self discipleship is what you need. You point fingers at others but fail to look in the mirror at yourself.
You are the Teflon man - nothing applies or sticks to you. You ignor questions about your fruit that you produce and how others see You, your Love, joy, peace , kindness, goodness, gentleness, faith, patience, self control. No, that takes humility. You still have this pride Teflon Man.
You then put a yoke of the LAW OF DEATH on others to walk with. This is common among "young believers" who ha en"t matured, Christians who get puffed up, and still haven't really died to themselves.
You fear to look at yourself, you avoid it and divert your focus on dates instead, thorough study ... "I'm figuring it out for others to see ... for the Lord" ... as if you are anointed. If you were, the test of your work would prove true - but it isn't. And you don't want to accept it and so you are in denial and play out this defensive mode. "I'm giving you good stuff, truth ..." Your old self is still in charge. You are walking by sight mot faith.
First remove the log out of your eye before you try to remove the speck out of ours - thank you very much!
 
Last edited:
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
See, even when I show you your error, that would be what I put in quotation marks, you still won't humble yourself and double down on your false teaching and accuse us of being the bad men.

I do not have truth, I dislike false teachers. You are a false teacher and have been exposed as such. People need to use money in order to have a roof over their head, pay their rent/mortgage and things like child support.

Will you bail me out of jail if I no longer pay my child support? Will you pay my rent?

I doubt it. Paul said that if one doesn't provide for his family, they are worse then an infidel and cannot eat. It was also said in the Bible that a worker is worth their wages. God expects us to work. Your teaching on this is false.

It's pretty obvious you are angry with me because I told you fiat currency is the mark of the beast. You are more concerned about paying rent and paying child support than obeying God. This is why not having the mark of the beast is our true test of belief and obedience to God, in our time. Because money is something everyone needs, but when money itself becomes evil, it becomes a stumbling block to almost all humanity that are not willing to give it up for the sake of obedience. As the book of Revelation says,

And the smoke of their torment goes up to the aeons of the aeons, and they have no rest, day or night, these worshipers of the beast and its image, and whoever receives the mark of its name. Here is a call for the endurance of the set-apart ones, those who keep the commandments of God and their belief in Yeshua.
Revelation 14:11-12

God commands, "you shall not have false weights". Fiat currency is a false weight. Whoever has accepted paper money and fiat currency and does not renounce it once and for all will be destroyed at the return of Yeshua.
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
Self discipleship is what you need. You point fingers at others but fail to look in the mirror at yourself.
You are the Teflon man - nothing applies or sticks to you. You ignor questions about your fruit that you produce and how others see You, your Love, joy, peace , kindness, goodness, gentleness, faith, patience, self control. No, that takes humility. You still have this pride Teflon Man.
You then put a yoke of the LAW OF DEATH on others to walk with. This is common among "young believers" who ha en"t matured, Christians who get puffed up, and still haven't really died to themselves.
You fear to look at yourself, you avoid it and divert your focus on dates instead, thorough study ... "I'm figuring it out for others to see ... for the Lord" ... as if you are anointed. If you were, the test of your work would prove true - but it isn't. And you don't want to accept it and so you are in denial and play out this defensive mode. "I'm giving you good stuff, truth ..." Your old self is still in charge. You are walking by sight mot faith.
First remove the log out of your eye before you try to remove the speck out of ours - thank you very much!

The commands of God are not the yoke, sin is the yoke which causes you to disobey the commands of God. You are confused, which causes you to disobey God.
 

rwb

Well-Known Member
Nov 11, 2022
4,233
1,904
113
73
Branson
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
Anyone who discards the Torah is despicable. Even the proverbs say that anyone who stops listening to the Torah even his prayer is an abomination to God. In these past few posts you have been indicating that we do not need to obey the Torah, so, if the shoe fits you then it fits you.

As far as my "garbage" post goes, what I am telling you regarding fiat currency is the most important piece of information regarding the mark of the beast, because the prophecy in Revelation was actually figuratively talking about a forbidden form of money all humanity would adopt to buy and sell, which today is paper money and fiat currency. Which are false weights. Even the founding fathers of the US were completely against paper money, and I can show many quotes from them talking about this subject. Again, this isn't a new teaching from me either. But of course, because you people hate the Torah and hate obedience to the commands of God then you also hate this teaching and call it "garbage". You are like swine trampling pearls. So be it. Soon enough you will see I was right.

I also don't particularly need to be here arguing with you people. But once in a while I poke into this forum to see what you people are babbling about.

Matthew 5 begins with Christ speaking to His disciples from a mountain. The lessons He taught them there are often referred to as Christ's Sermon on the Mount. The lessons there are found here: Mt 5:1-7:29. I want to especially highlight for you Matthew 5:17-18 (KJV) " Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled."

Does not the teaching of Christ here define for us what is written in the Ten Commandments? If so, does not His sermon teach us the law that is eternal and immutable and to obeyed is 'moral' and not our obedience to all the laws of Torah?

Christ says fulfillment of law and prophets is to do unto other what we desire to be done unto us.

Matthew 7:12 (KJV) Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.

Galatians 5:14 (KJV) For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Matthew 22:37-40 (KJV) Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.

Christ did not come to destroy the law and prophets, but to fulfill, and He did this by spiritualizing the moral law of God. The law of God is perfect, the ceremonial law was imperfect. The moral law being perfect, the representation of the Divine image, it cannot be done away. That which was imperfect is done away through Christ. That which is perfect has been perfectly fulfilled in Him. When we are in Christ, we partake of His sacrificial atoning blood, and His perfect moral life and resurrection, that through Him, we too have fulfilled the immutable, never ending moral law of God.
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
Matthew 5 begins with Christ speaking to His disciples from a mountain. The lessons He taught them there are often referred to as Christ's Sermon on the Mount. The lessons there are found here: Mt 5:1-7:29. I want to especially highlight for you Matthew 5:17-18 (KJV) " Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled."

Does not the teaching of Christ here define for us what is written in the Ten Commandments? If so, does not His sermon teach us the law that is eternal and immutable and to obeyed is 'moral' and not our obedience to all the laws of Torah?

Christ says fulfillment of law and prophets is to do unto other what we desire to be done unto us.

Matthew 7:12 (KJV) Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.

Galatians 5:14 (KJV) For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Matthew 22:37-40 (KJV) Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.

Christ did not come to destroy the law and prophets, but to fulfill, and He did this by spiritualizing the moral law of God. The law of God is perfect, the ceremonial law was imperfect. The moral law being perfect, the representation of the Divine image, it cannot be done away. That which was imperfect is done away through Christ. That which is perfect has been perfectly fulfilled in Him. When we are in Christ, we partake of His sacrificial atoning blood, and His perfect moral life and resurrection, that through Him, we too have fulfilled the immutable, never ending moral law of God.

The entire Torah has not been fulfilled yet. Yeshua fulfilled the appointed times of the spring of the Torah in his first coming, and will fulfill the appointed times of the autumn of the Torah in his second coming. And ultimately, the millennial shabbath is the final appointed time of the Torah that Yeshua will fulfill. And then, heaven and earth will pass away once all the appointed times of the Torah are fulfilled. So that is why "until heaven and earth passes away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the Torah, until all is fulfilled". The Torah is in fact, still in effect. And it will be the very law he will rule the earth by, in his 1,000 year rulership.
 

Ronald Nolette

Well-Known Member
Aug 24, 2020
15,017
4,467
113
70
South Carolina
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
No one is picking and choosing. This is what the apostles instructed us to do. They told us not to concern ourselves with foods nor circumcision nor feasts nor new moons in the Torah. If it were necessary to do, I would be doing it. These matters are easy to do, whereas getting rid of money is far more difficult to do. We are figuratively as the second generation of the sons of Israel in the desert, who were not circumcised nor kept the feasts of the Torah, before they entered the promised land. And then they kept circumcision and feasts of the Torah once they entered the promised land. And so in likewise manner we will keep the feasts of the Torah once we inherit the earth at the return of Yeshua. But you on the other hand are not picking and choosing, you simply have discarded the entire Torah altogether. Torahlessness. You refuse to understand. You berate those who obey the commands of God in the Torah. It is despicable. You are on a path of destruction for this.
If you are Jewish, fine! But the torah is not for the Church. Paul made that clear in the letter to Galatians. And we are not figuratively Israel. but if we werew then the feasts are figurative as well!

Besides what does this have to do at all in answering the fact you made false prophecies! You are deflecting from admitting you guilt.
 

rwb

Well-Known Member
Nov 11, 2022
4,233
1,904
113
73
Branson
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
The entire Torah has not been fulfilled yet. Yeshua fulfilled the appointed times of the spring of the Torah in his first coming, and will fulfill the appointed times of the autumn of the Torah in his second coming. And ultimately, the millennial shabbath is the final appointed time of the Torah that Yeshua will fulfill. And then, heaven and earth will pass away once all the appointed times of the Torah are fulfilled. So that is why "until heaven and earth passes away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the Torah, until all is fulfilled". The Torah is in fact, still in effect. And it will be the very law he will rule the earth by, in his 1,000 year rulership.

Jesus did not come to fulfill the ceremonial laws written in the Torah. He came to do the Father's will, and this He accomplished by teaching His people the moral law which He fulfilled perfectly. That's why He says things such as, we don't commit murder simply by killing another, but in fact we are guilty of murder when we harbor hatred for another in our hearts. The will of the Father, His purpose for sending His Son was not that we should obey all that is written in the Torah. For that would indeed be retuning to that which was temporary and done away by the sacrificial life, death, and resurrection of our Lord and Savior.

John 19:30 (KJV) When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

John 4:34 (KJV) Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.

John 17:4 (KJV) I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

Hebrews 10:4-9 (KJV) For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law; Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.

John 6:38-40 (KJV) For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day. And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
And you would be wrong. Not angry at all. Takes too much energy to be angry and I'm not wasting that energy on you.

Just pointing out that you're wrong.

Whatever you say Naomanos. Your own stubbornness puts you at a disadvantage, because although right now you are able to eat and pay rent and pay child support with fiat currency, in a few years from now all fiat currencies are going to collapse globally and you are going to be dragged down with it. And the words of Ezekiel will be fulfilled, because the money that you are now holding on to now to dear life will eventually become garbage. And literally people will throw their paper money on the streets, because it will become worthless. How then will you eat and pay rent and pay child support? You won't. You will starve. You had the chance now to believe and prepare and obey beforehand, but you refused, because you love your money and hate the Torah. So you will drink from a very bitter cup soon. This is going to end well for any of you.

They will cast their silver into the streets, and their gold will become an unclean thing. Their silver and gold will not able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the Master. They cannot satisfy their hunger or fill their stomachs with it. For it has become a stumbling block because of their torahlessness.
Ezekiel 7:19

And the kings of the earth, who committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her, will weep and wail over her when they see the smoke of her burning. They will stand far off, in fear of her torment, and say, “Alas! Alas! You great city, you mighty city, Babylon! For in a single hour your judgment has come.” And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn for her, since no one buys their merchandise anymore
Revelation 18:9-11

Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, lest you take part in her sins, lest you share in her plagues;
Revelation 18:4

Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value, zero.
Voltaire
François Marie Arouet, French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher
Note: This is merely a reference to an external literature to help strengthen the statements made in this study, and not an endorsement of any other literature or statements made by
Voltaire.


D1a6h15XgAEbAHs.jpeg

D1a6h1-XgAArlET.jpeg
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
Jesus did not come to fulfill the ceremonial laws written in the Torah. He came to do the Father's will, and this He accomplished by teaching His people the moral law which He fulfilled perfectly. That's why He says things such as, we don't commit murder simply by killing another, but in fact we are guilty of murder when we harbor hatred for another in our hearts. The will of the Father, His purpose for sending His Son was not that we should obey all that is written in the Torah. For that would indeed be retuning to that which was temporary and done away by the sacrificial life, death, and resurrection of our Lord and Savior.

John 19:30 (KJV) When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

John 4:34 (KJV) Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.

John 17:4 (KJV) I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

Hebrews 10:4-9 (KJV) For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law; Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.

John 6:38-40 (KJV) For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day. And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.

He did come to fulfill the appointed times of the Torah. Why else do you think he died on the day of Passover, or was resurrected on the first fruits of barley of the Torah, or sent his anointing on the Feast of Weeks of the Torah? Hello? Wake up and understand.

all_appointed_times_english50-2048x1152.jpg
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
If you are Jewish, fine! But the torah is not for the Church. Paul made that clear in the letter to Galatians. And we are not figuratively Israel. but if we werew then the feasts are figurative as well!

Besides what does this have to do at all in answering the fact you made false prophecies! You are deflecting from admitting you guilt.

The Torah is indeed for the Gentiles also. The Torah is in fact for all humanity. Do not steal. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. These commands are for all humanity. Israel was meant to be as an example for all nations. God wants us to be like Israel. That is why we are grafted in into the cultivated olive tree, which is Israel.
 

Naomanos

Well-Known Member
Jul 5, 2021
2,400
1,166
113
50
Florida
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
How then will you eat and pay rent and pay child support?

When that happens, I won't have to worry about rent or child support.

You won't. You will starve.

And you are wrong, yet again. You sure are wrong quite a bit. I know how to hunt, fish, and grow food. If I had to I could live out in the woods.

because you love your money and hate the Torah.

I do not love money. Money is a tool that I use to pay rent, food, child support, etc. Nor do I hate the Torah. Although, we can now add bearing false witness against me. Want to continue doing that?
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
When that happens, I won't have to worry about rent or child support.



And you are wrong, yet again. You sure are wrong quite a bit. I know how to hunt, fish, and grow food. If I had to I could live out in the woods.



I do not love money. Money is a tool that I use to pay rent, food, child support, etc. Nor do I hate the Torah. Although, we can now add bearing false witness against me. Want to continue doing that?

There won't be any food, because there will be global drought and global financial collapse. You underestimate the severity of the "great tribulation", which will be the worst events humanity has ever seen. We must be prepared with belief and obedience, and be set apart from the global financial system, which God hates.
 

Naomanos

Well-Known Member
Jul 5, 2021
2,400
1,166
113
50
Florida
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
There won't be any food, because there will be global drought and global financial collapse. You underestimate the severity of the "great tribulation", which will be the worst events humanity has ever seen. We must be prepared with belief and obedience, and be set apart from the global financial system, which God hates.

Again, will you pay my child support if I drop all my money right this instance? Will you be willing to keep me out of jail?
 

Ronald Nolette

Well-Known Member
Aug 24, 2020
15,017
4,467
113
70
South Carolina
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
The Torah is indeed for the Gentiles also. The Torah is in fact for all humanity. Do not steal. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. These commands are for all humanity. Israel was meant to be as an example for all nations. God wants us to be like Israel. That is why we are grafted in into the cultivated olive tree, which is Israel.
I do not refrain from these because they are in torah which was for Israel and all who converted to Judaism or chose to live with Israel.

I refrain from these things because they are in the Law of christ in the NT. Not to gain righteousness, but to show I have been made righteous because of Jesus shed blood!

Are you Jewish by birth?
 

rwb

Well-Known Member
Nov 11, 2022
4,233
1,904
113
73
Branson
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
The Torah is indeed for the Gentiles also. The Torah is in fact for all humanity. Do not steal. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. These commands are for all humanity. Israel was meant to be as an example for all nations. God wants us to be like Israel. That is why we are grafted in into the cultivated olive tree, which is Israel.

What other laws are written in the Torah you say Christians MUST abide? We are already familiar with the Ten Commandments which are depicting the moral laws of God. Are you saying that if we fail to keep the ceremonial laws we shall not be saved, and in fact be condemned?
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
Again, will you pay my child support if I drop all my money right this instance? Will you be willing to keep me out of jail?

I have no money to help you. But you can come live with my in my house in Colombia, so long as you are in perfect obedience to the commands of God and renounce all money. Bring food. And I will assign chores for you. And daily you will go out to feed the homeless. Let me know.
 

Naomanos

Well-Known Member
Jul 5, 2021
2,400
1,166
113
50
Florida
Faith
Christian
Country
United States
I have no money to help you. But you can come live with my in my house in Colombia, so long as you are in perfect obedience to the commands of God and renounce all money. Bring food. And I will assign chores for you. And daily you will go out to feed the homeless. Let me know.

No thanks! I have kids and family that need me here to provide for them as God commands.
 
Oct 24, 2019
470
41
28
38
Medellin, Colombia
Faith
Christian
Country
Colombia
What other laws are written in the Torah you say Christians MUST abide? We are already familiar with the Ten Commandments which are depicting the moral laws of God. Are you saying that if we fail to keep the ceremonial laws we shall not be saved, and in fact be condemned?

Define "ceremonial" laws. Feasts, new moons, shabbaths, circumcision, foods, are not required to be kept by us. But examples of commands that are indeed binding on us are not eating blood, not cross dressing, not committing adultery, not stealing, not having false weights, etc.