This scripture shows that the fate of all humankind rested on the actions of the two Adams
(This turned out to be incredibly long. Sorry, y'all)
For me, the place between science and religion is myth and metaphor, i.e. spiritual readings that treat the scriptures as sacramental-revealing Christ and the divine intention for love and life. But that might seem a bit hasty. Lol
What do we know from understanding and experience before we come to the scriptures, in the most general terms of what we might know? I think we know, or very strongly believe, a couple of general things. I think we know humanity has a beginning. Our race is not eternal as far as the evidence goes. Beside that, we're wholly contingent beings so that finitude is a given. Humanity has a beginning, and like all things in this world that have a beginning, humanity most likely has an end. Perhaps it's fuzzy where to mark that beginning, exactly, if we accept evolutionary theory, but there was a time when humanity was not.
The other thing we know, I think, is that something is terribly wrong with us. Lol. That's not to say we aren't amazing and good in so many ways. To the contrary, that fact accentuates how messed up we are because we know we could do better, so much better in some instances.
Both of these facts, we have a beginning and something is wrong (morally) with us, are things I think many humans have known, or have strongly believed, throughout history. Many religions, ancient and new, have assumed those two things.
What makes the Genesis creation account appealing is not our belief that it is historically accurate. (If the last few years with the internet have shown anything, they've shown that people will believe all kinds of things regardless if the epistemic or doxastic warrant for believing those things is significant.) What is appealing about the Genesis account is how it resonates with our experience and understanding.
Science has done nothing but affirm a beginning for humanity. The universe, it appears, has a beginning, at least regarding anything that can be measured empirically. In the creation according to Genesis, the universe, including humanity, comes into being through an orderly process. Similarly, the scientific understanding claims that certain laws have guaranteed that the universe has come into being through a process that has a certain amount of order we can trace back and study.
Also, human experience consistently shows that we are as messed up as we ever were. Lol. There is still something terribly wrong with us. So there are specific aspects of Genesis that resonate with our experience and understanding, we have a beginning and we are messed up.
There are other aspects of Genesis that are purely spiritual. Every aspect that pertains to God and the divine intention is spiritual. The same holds for Paul's commentary on Genesis in relation to Christ.
I think we can say with Paul that humanity ("Adam" means "human") had a beginning and that Jesus was human. Those we can believe as historical facts. That sin is an inescapable part of the human condition because humanity (Adam) has sinned from the beginning is a spiritual claim. Although that spiritual claim resonates with our experience, it also assumes a God who creates good, and that sin is contrary to that good. Those spiritual claims resonate, perhaps, with our experience of the human condition, but they are still spiritual claims. That Christ is a new humanity that redeems humanity, transforming it, is a purely spiritual claim that is held by faith.
Most likely, Paul believed the first human was Adam of Genesis. But his faith was that humanity is in a fallen condition, has fallen short of the good of the divine intention, and that humanity in Christ is redeemed and transformed. He believed the same spiritual truths about Genesis and Jesus that I believe and have gleaned from Genesis and Jesus. :) Most of what Paul is saying in Rom. 5 is spiritual. What little historical content is there is not far from what we understand and experience, i.e. humanity had a beginning and is messed up.
I don't think it makes a bit of difference if someone believes the Genesis account is historically accurate. If they are not gleaning the spiritual claims from it, they are simply believing some claims are historical facts. Believing something is a historical fact is not a virtue nor is it necessarily spiritually beneficial. The demons believe...
What makes the difference? It's gleaning the spiritual truths in such a way that it affects who and what we are that makes the difference. If my reading, based on experience, science, and a spiritual reading of the text gleans the same spiritual truths without sacrificing good reason and a preponderance of evidence, all the better.
In a sense Paul is making a metaphysical claim that towers above the historical claim. The human way of being is x given its beginning in sin. The human way of being is now y given Christ's life, death, resurrection. Both the first way of being and the second way of being are human ways of being on account of the first human being "adam/humanity," being human and the second human being "Son of Man/humanity," being human
Sorry for the long reply. :)