I think the Jewish Christians and even the apostles were still stuck in the law and it took time to actually UNDERSTAND what the New Covenant was all about. I like to check how soon or late something was written. Paul, teaching the truth on the New Covenant was still living in a culture that kept the old law, so enforced the old law onto women who were basically uneducated. Look at the contradiction when it comes to women in the same chapter:
1 Corinthians 7:
15 But if the unbeliever departs, let him depart;
a brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases. But God has called us to peace. 16 For how do you know, O wife, whether you will save
your husband? Or how do you know, O husband, whether you will save
your wife?
39 A wife is
bound by law as long as her husband lives; but if her husband dies, she is at liberty to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord. 40 But she is happier if she remains as she is, according to my judgment
The brother can remarry; the wife cannot.