We can express the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity (three “persons” in one God) as a set of propositions in this way:
1. There is only one God.
2. The Father is God.
3. The Son is God.
4. The Father is not the Son.
5. The Holy Spirit is God.
6. The Holy Spirit is not the Father.
7. The Holy Spirit is not the Son.
For simplicity’s sake we need consider only 1 through 4 (for 5 through 7 will stand or fall on the same logical analysis we apply to 1 through 4):
1. There is only one God.
2. The Father is God.
3. The Son is God.
4. The Father is not the Son.
The difficulty in defending the Trinity has always been that these four propositions are, as a group, logically inconsistent when analyzed from the standpoint of the three basic rules of logical equivalence: self-identity (everything is identical to itself, i.e., x = x); symmetry (if two things are equivalent, they are equivalent in any order, i.e., if x = y, then y = x); and transitivity (if one thing is the same as another and that other is the same as a third, then the first is the same as the third, i.e., if x = y and y = z then x = z). The orthodox doctrine of the Trinity fares ill in this analysis.
To make them logically consistent, it is tempting to sacrifice one of the four tenets – and most early heresies took this tack. Thus, Arius sacrificed the third one:
1. There is only one God.
2. The Father is God.
4. The Father is not the Son.
3′. Therefore the Son is not God.
and Sabellius sacrificed the fourth one:
1. There is only one God.
2. The Father is God.
3. The Son is God.
4′. Therefore the Father is the Son.
Both Arius’ argument and Sabellius’ argument are logically consistent because, unlike the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity, they satisfy all three of the aforementioned principles of logical consistency. Arius and Sabellius, although approaching the inconsistency from different perspectives, each preferred rationality to irrationality―even if it meant preferring heresy to orthodoxy.
Now, we Trinitarians have two choices. We can simply throw up our hands and declare that God does not have to play by the rules of logical consistency, thereby forever assigning the Trinity to the status of unfathomable mystery. Or, we can allow for identity and equivalence to be relative to their contexts. Thus, “Robert is good” can be consistent with “Robert is not good” as long as a different sense of “good” holds for each proposition (e.g., he is a good theologian; he is not a good golfer.)
To say that “The Father is not the Son” is likewise context-dependent and predicate-specific. One can maintain without contradiction both that “The Father is not the same person as the Son” and “The Father is the same God as the Son” by separating out personhood from Godhood. How to tease them apart is the ultimate challenge of orthodox Trinitarian theology.
Who want to take a deep dive with me here?
1+1+1=1?? ~ * January 1
Matthew 28:19 KJV; Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
There are several Verses in the Bible which teach us that God is a Trinity. What is a Trinity? The Trinity is a concept of God existing as three Divine persons; yet remaining One God. This is not an easy idea to wrap our Minds around. Some suggest examples like the three states of water; gas, liquid and solid. Others suggest Government as a model for the Trinity; the Legislature, Judiciary and the Executive branches are the one Federal Government. But examples outside of the Bible have a way of falling short in describing the Trinity. ~ It’s said there are three that bear record in Heaven, the Father, the Word and the Spirit; and these three are one. To many people, this is one of the most absurd things that can be said, and they claim it’s intellectually inconceivable! They say that it is a Mathematical Fact that 1+1+1=3, but 1+1+1=1 is laughable; and they’re right. ~ You object, “Why are you conceding the argument so easily??” I’m not but the truth is the truth; right? You ask, “Then what kind of intellectual gymnastics are you going to try and pull to make your point?” No Gymnastics necessary, just the simple Math that is taught in our Elementary Schools…
It is amazing how as we grow older, we lose some of our simplest Cognitive skills. On the television show ‘Brain Games’, they tested a group of adults and children by using a simple drawing of a School bus. It was yellow, had wheels and windows; but both ends looked the same. The question was asked which way would the bus go if it pulled away; left or right? About 25% of adults got it right but almost all of the children were correct. When the children were asked why they said it would go left, they said because the bus door was on the other side, and this told them which end was the front of the bus. ~ When we were in Elementary School, we learned that 1x1=1. We also learned that 1x1x1=1; we see that the concept of the Trinity is really child’s play! There is no need to jump through any ‘algebraic hoops’; Three Ones equaling One is a Logical concept! We should be asking, “How is it that I didn’t see that?” ~ There are other things that we also don’t see until it is put in a way we can understand. God gave us the Ten Commandments, and they tell us not to commit Adultery or Murder. We can say we’ve never Murdered, and some can say they’ve never committed Adultery. But Jesus put it in an elementary way we can understand; he said if you Hate someone you’ve Murdered them in your Heart and if you’ve Lusted after someone you’ve committed Adultery in your Heart! God sends Sinners to an eternal Hell but you don’t have to go…
The good news is that the Gospel is also elementary. ~ For God so loved the World he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in him shall not perish but have everlasting Life! The second person of the Trinity condescended to be born as the Man Jesus Christ, and suppressed his Divine privileges to live on our level. Jesus lived a Sinless life as only he could, and this pleased God his Father. Jesus came to die and be the sacrifice for Sin, so that we can have eternal Life. He was buried but arose from the dead and ascended to Heaven, where he awaits the time his Father has set for him to return and Judge the world. When you put your Faith in the finished Work of the GodMan Jesus Christ, you will be Saved. ~ Here is some more simple Math for you. God became Man and the two are one; 100% God and 100% Man, yet only One Being. 100% x 100% = One. ~ 1÷1÷1 also equals One; the Word and the Spirit proceed from the Father, the three are One!
John 1:14 NIV; The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.