For what it is worth.... The phrase in 2:44 does not represent 10 kingdoms, nations, kings, that will be found on / in the earth, as we expect to see them. In 2:44, " in the days of these kings," they refer to God 10 commandments. Intially, God will show His 10 as 10 toes which are symbolically held captive at the end of the iron feet (kingdom or Rome), along with the "clay" which represents the Jewish people.This reflects, not only their physical captivity within the 4th kingdom, but their failure to obey God and go out into the world and preach the One true God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and His 10 commandments to the Gentile world. Symbolically, Jesus, The Stone, was sent by God to strike the feet of the iron kingdom (feet only, other not the toes), and symbiotically break into piecess the iron and c;lay elements only. As a result, the Jews (clay) who would accept Jesus as their Messiah would be identified as "pottery clay." Those who hardened their hearts and rejected Him, would be identified as "cereamic clay." Additionally, after the cross, the "pottery clay" would go out into the world preaching the Good news, which of course would include His 10 commandments (once symbolized as toes, but now will be symbolized as 10 horns (because of their power to transform lives). This was / is God's plan of salvation for the Jews and the Gentiles. This will ensure His Word and His Testimony would no longer kept within the Jewish people. As the church grew over the coming 400 years, so did the Word of God. But His church would be appropriated by those who sought to obtain control and power over this church. Intially, these folks began as Gentile followers of Jesus, but would become the head of the church and rise to the top. Here, they became bishops of the church - extremely powerful and revered. The most powerful bishop would be from Rome and he would eventually head the church and wield these 10 horns as weapons over all people and nations. They would sit atop the church, and God would now refer to them as 10 kings - and, in the hands of this "bishop" (little horn), He would refer to them as 10 kings. This is the meaning of 2:44 - "in the days of these kings." God is linking these "10 kings in chapter 7 back to chapter 2.
And for this to happen, and it took me no less than a few months to understand, that 2:34 was not an end time event, but was the cause and effect of the Messiah striking the feet in 2:34. He did not destroy the image but symbolically broke into pieces the two elements only. Without this understanding, much of the later chapters in Daniel could not be interpreted.
Verse 24a-the ten horns shall arise from this kingdom
Daniel 7:24a marks an important shift in the understanding of the ten horns. Up until this point, Daniel has seen these horns growing from the fourth beast, but now, Gabriel clarifies their identity: they are ten kings. This is the first time these ten horns are explicitly called kings, and this new designation raises a critical question—why are they now being recognized as kings, and what does this reveal about God’s plan?
To fully grasp their significance, we must return to Chapter 2 and Nebuchadnezzar’s metal-man image, where God first described the fourth kingdom—Pagan Rome—as a kingdom of iron. This kingdom, unlike its predecessors, would not simply rise and fall. Instead, it would undergo a unique transformation. The iron feet of Rome, which represented its rule over both the Jewish nation and the Gentile world, contained ten toes and clay—symbolizing both Roman dominion and the presence of God’s people under that rule.
In Daniel 2:34, the Stone (Messiah) strikes the feet of the image, breaking apart the iron and the clay –
within the feet. However, it does not directly strike the toes. This distinction is crucial.
- The clay represented God’s people, who had been under Roman rule.
- The Stone’s impact symbolized the crucifixion of Jesus, which would bring about a great separation within the Jewish people.
- Those who accepted Jesus as their Messiah were identified as “pottery clay”, moldable in the hands of the Potter (Jeremiah 18:6).
- Those who rejected Him were identified as “ceramic clay”, hardened and unable to be shaped.
After the crucifixion, those who accepted the Messiah would go out into the world, preaching the Good News. The Ten Commandments, once entrusted to the Jewish nation, would now be proclaimed to the Gentiles—just as the ten toes were now symbolically free from Roman captivity.
When we move from Daniel 2 to Daniel 7, God reveals something new about these ten toes—they do not remain toes, but instead become ten horns (Daniel 7:7-8). This transformation is not accidental. In Chapter 2, the ten toes symbolized God’s law within the Jewish nation. But now, in Chapter 7, these same ten elements are described as “horns” or “powers”, indicating authority. And now, in Daniel 7:24, Gabriel further clarifies their status:
“The ten horns are ten kings who shall arise from this kingdom.”
The Ten Commandments, which were God’s moral law, have transitioned to the top of the 4th beast, and would be redefined by the little horn. They are no longer just a guiding force—they have been elevated to the status of kings. Like kings, they must be obeyed—but not according to God’s original intent. Instead, the little horn (Papal Rome) would ensure that the commandments were worshipped in the way
he determined.
When Pagan Rome fell in 476 AD, the Christian Church, which had already gained immense power, stepped into the void. The Bishop of Rome—soon to be the Pope—claimed authority over both religious and secular matters, thus marking the full transition from Pagan Rome to Papal Rome.
As Papal Rome grew in influence, it did not stand alone. Alongside it, the Ten Commandments themselves were altered, reshaped to fit the doctrines of the Church. The original moral law—once a guiding light for salvation—was now transformed into a system of enforced worship dictated by religious authority.
Later in verse 25, Daniel will reveal the final transformation of these ten toes, horns, and kings. Eventually, God will reclaim them, and they will be identified as the ten saints of the Most High. But for now, in Daniel 7:24a, these ten horns have become kings under Papal Rome’s rule, enforcing laws that have been twisted from their original divine purpose. This transformation is significant because it reveals that Papal Rome’s power was not just political—it was spiritual. Just as a king demands obedience, so too did the little horn enforce its own version of God’s commandments upon the world. Over time, the little horn would:
Replace biblical truth with human traditions.
Elevate the power of the Church above the Word of God.
Persecute those who refused to conform.
Thus, the ten horns becoming ten kings symbolizes how the teachings of God were distorted under the influence of Papal Rome. Rather than being God’s moral law, they were now used as instruments of control—and those who challenged the little horn’s authority would suffer the consequences.
Although Daniel would not have the ability to understand the meaning of this symbolism, this was still a deeply troubling revelation. This is why Daniel 7:24a marks a turning point—it confirms that the fourth beast’s final phase would be a kingdom unlike any before it, one that would redefine worship, authority, and obedience in ways never before seen in history.