I understand the horns and toes are what remains after Rome falls - the barbarians who morphed into Europe and continue to our day and to the return of Jesus, evolving into what we see today.
Seems to me since it says "feet and toes" that denotes one single prophetic element coming after the Roman "legs" (thus, disqualifying the "feet" as Roman) and repeated again in chapter 7 as the "Ten Horns".
The space between where the Roman legs end and the Ten Barbarian Toes begin need not be seen as introducing another kingdom, but as part of the Ten Toes "barbarian tribes, the area merely points out the "separateness" of the Ten which are "divided, partly strong, partly weak, not cleaving one to another".
Thank you for your thoughts ... they are indeed inciteful. If we focus on the feet and toes in Chapter 2, do you agree that the legs of iron AND THE FEET represent the 4th kingdom of pagan Rome?
And if that might be true, then we also have an additional element found within the feet of pagan Rome. They will be disclosed as a "ceramic" like clay that will not mix with the iron... And if you notice, in the dream sequence, Nebuchadnezzar never mentions anything about the toes or the type of clay in the feet. It is as though the ceramic clay and the iron were encasing or completely covering over any sight of the individual toes. It is only during Daniel's interpretation sequence when he discloses the type of clay. There are more than a few interpretations to find here; the individual toes, whatever they are will not have been recognized as having any importance to him - he just won't see or acknowledge them, and, this 4th kingdom of pagan Rome will do to these "clay" entities the same thing they do to any other nation they conquer - they will overpower them and encase them and subjugate every part of their lives. They will symbolically not have a chance to move from the absoluty control of pagan Rome.
And this is one of the most critical verses in Daniel - if we get this wrong, there is absolutely no chance our interpretations of Chapters 7-12 will ever be properly interpreted.
And the key to this is found in verse 2:34-35. Everyone, and I do mean everyone, regardless of whether they are preterist or futurist, contend that verse 34 and 35 happen at the exact same time - at the time of the end or His second coming. Further, they also claim that this "stone" will strike the feet (not the toes) and break the entire image and destroy it and throw it into the wind.... again, this all is to occur at His second coming.
But this is not the correct interpretation. Instead, it is the Messiah at His first coming who represents the stone that will stike the image on its feet OF IRON AND CLAY, and break them into pieces. Meaning, the stone will break apart only the two components found within the feet - those of iron and clay only. He did not come to destroy but to divide. However, verse 2:35 is indeed speaking about the true end times some 2000 years after 2:34.
So now, the stone (cross) has separated the iron from the clay (and notice the order - the iron of pagan Rome is given the superior position here). Within Daniel's interpretation, he will reveal a "divided" kingdom that is now composed of "partially clay and iron, in that order." This second beast kingdom of Rome will come after pagan Rome is slain and its body is destroyed (7:11). This "divided" kingdom will become known as papal Rome headed by the little horn of Daniel 7 and 8. But the purpose of the stone striking the feet was to separate the "clay" from the control of pagan Rome. But even more important, God would also, as a direct result of the cross, separate the "ceramic clay" (those Jews who would not accept Jesus as their Messiah) from the "pottery clay" (those Jews that Jesus as the Potter would mold into the shape He so desired - they would come to represent those Jews who would accept Jesus as their Messiah and go out into the world preaching the Good News.
Now, this is only a small part of the commentary on Chapter 2 that MUST tie into with the Hebrew chapters -7-12, and they do! Chapter 2 is the second most complicated chapter in Daniel only to be surpased by Chapter 11.... both are absolutely brutal to interpret and unpack.
So, God has now symbolically separated His chosen people who would accept Him and also revealed there would be many that would not and remain in the pre-cross Jewish faith. Verse 2:40 -43 go into much detail about this and they are extremely difficult to understand, but when we move on to Chapter 7, God will now reveal a very different 4th kingdom that no longer looks like the well groomed, powerful iron legs of pagan Rome. Now, they have been broken apart and Daniel can not even begin to explain what kind of animal it might represent that is found on earth.... Because the stone in a way has exploded the once organized beast and it is going in all different directions and can not be distinguished to anything within our animal kingdom...
Again, this is just a small section of a response to your insightful comments.