6:11 "Even so consider yourselves to be dead to sin" This is a PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) IMPERATIVE. This is an ongoing, habitual command for believers. Christians' knowledge of Christ's work on their behalf is crucial for daily life. The term "consider" (cf. Rom. 4:4,9), was an accounting term that meant "carefully add it up" and then act on that knowledge. Verses 1-11 acknowledged one's position in Christ (positional sanctification), while 12-13 emphasized walking in Him (progressive sanctification).
SPECIAL TOPIC: SANCTIFICATION
NASB, NRSV, TEV, NJB "Christ Jesus"
NKJV "Christ Jesus our Lord"
The shorter reading occurs in MSS P46, A, B, D, F, G. The UBS4 gives it an "A" rating (certain). The expanded phrase is early (MSS P94, א, C), but was probably added by a scribe from Rom. 6:23. Like the vast majority of textual variants, it makes little difference to the meaning of the text.
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHRIST JESUS AS LORD
÷ROMANS 6:12-14
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: ROMANS 6:12-14
12Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, 13and do not go on presenting the members of your body to sin as instruments of unrighteousness; but present yourselves to God as those alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. 14For sin shall not be master over you, for you are not under law but under grace.
6:12 "Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body"
This is a PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE with the NEGATIVE PARTICLE, which usually meant to stop an act already in process. The term "reign" relates to 5:17-21 and 6:23. Paul personifies several theological concepts.
death reigned as king (cf. Rom. 5:14,17; 6:23)
grace reigned as king (cf. Rom. 5:21)
sin reigned as king (cf. Rom. 6:12,14)
The real question is who is reigning in your life? The believer has the power in Christ to choose! The tragedy for the individual, the local church, and the Kingdom of God is
when believers choose self and sin, even while claiming grace!
SPECIAL TOPIC: REIGNING IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD
6:13 "do not go on presenting the members of your body to sin" This is a PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE with the NEGATIVE PARTICLE which usually meant to stop an act already in process.
This shows the potential for continuing sin in the lives of believers (cf. Rom. 7:1ff; 1 John 1:8-2:1). But the necessity of sin has been eliminated in the believer's new relationship with Christ, Rom. 6:1-11.
"as instruments" This term (hoplon) referred to "a soldier's weapons" (cf. Rom. 13:12; John 18:3; 2 Cor. 6:7; 10:4). Our physical body is the battleground for temptation (cf. Rom. 6:12-13; 12:1-2; 1 Cor. 6:20; Phil. 1:20). Our lives publicly display the gospel.
"but present yourselves to God" This is an AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE which was a call for a decisive act (cf. Rom. 12:1). Believers do this at salvation by faith, but they must continue to do this throughout their lives.
Notice the parallelism of this verse.
same VERB and both IMPERATIVES
battle imagery
weapons of unrighteousness
weapons of righteousness
believers can present their bodies to sin or themselves to God
Remember, this verse is referring to believers—the choice continues; the battle continues (cf. Rom. 6:12,19; 1 Cor. 6:18-19; Eph. 6:10-18)!
6:14 "For sin shall not be master over you" This is a FUTURE ACTIVE INDICATIVE (cf. Ps. 19:13) functioning as an IMPERATIVE, "sin must not be master over you!" Sin is not master over believers because it is not master over Christ, (cf. Rom. 6:9; John 16:33).
÷ROMANS 6:15-19
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: ROMANS 6:15-19
15What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? May it never be! 16Do you not know that when you present yourselves to someone as slaves for obedience, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or of obedience resulting in righteousness? 17But thanks be to God that though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching to which you were committed, 18and having been freed from sin, you became slaves of righteousness. 19I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, resulting in further lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness, resulting in sanctification.
6:15 This second supposed question (diatribe) is similar to Rom. 6:1. Both answer different questions about the Christian's relation to sin. Verse 1 deals with grace not being used as a license to sin, while Rom. 6:15 deals with the Christian's need to fight, or resist, individual acts of sin. Also, at the same time the believer must serve God now with the same enthusiasm with which he previously served sin (cf. Rom. 6:14).
NASB, NKJV, TEV, Peshitta "Shall we sin"
NRSV "Should we sin"
NJB "that we are free to sin"
REB "Are we to sin"
The Williams and Phillips translations both translate this AORIST ACTIVE SUBMUNCTIVE as a PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE similar to
Rom. 6:1. This is not the proper focus. Notice the alternate translations
KJV, ASV, NIV ‒ "shall we sin?"
The Centenary Translation ‒ "Shall we commit an act of sin?"
RSV ‒ "are we to sin?"
This question is emphatic in Greek and expected a "yes" answer. This was Paul's diatribe method of communicating truth. This verse expresses false theology! Paul answered this by his characteristic "May it never be." Paul's gospel of the radical free grace of God was misunderstood and abused by many false teachers.
6:16 The question expects a "yes" response. Humans serve something or someone. Who reigns in your life, sin or God? Who humans obey shows who they serve (cf. Gal. 6:7-8).
6:17 "But thanks be to God" Paul often breaks out into praise to God. His writings flow from his prayers and his prayers from his knowledge of the gospel.
SPECIAL TOPIC: PAUL'S PRAYER, PRAISE, AND THANKSGIVING TO GOD
"you were. . .you became" This is the IMPERFECT TENSE of the VERB, "to be," which described their state of being in the past (slaves of sin) followed by an AORIST TENSE which asserts that their state of rebellion has ceased.
"You became obedient from your heart to that form of teaching" In context, this refers to their justification by grace through faith, which must lead to daily Christlikeness.
The term "teaching" referred to Apostolic teaching or the gospel.
"heart" See SPECIAL TOPIC: HEART
NASB "that form of teaching to which you were committed"
NKJV "that form of doctrine to which you were delivered"
NRSV, NIV "to the form of teaching to which you were entrusted"
TEV "the truth found in the teaching you received"
NJB "to the pattern of teaching to which you were introduced"
REB "to that pattern of teaching to which you were made subject"
Peshitta "that form of doctrine which has been delivered to you"
This thought is parallel to 1 Cor. 15:1 and refers to the gospel truths that these believers heard and received. The gospel is
a person to welcome
truths about that person to believe
a life like that person's to live!
"form" See SPECIAL TOPIC: FORM (TUPOS)
6:18 "having been freed from sin" This is an AORIST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE. The gospel has freed believers by the agency of the Spirit through the work of Christ. Believers have been freed both from the penalty of sin (justification) and the tyranny of sin (sanctification, cf. Rom. 6:7 and 22). One day they will be free from the presence of sin (glorification, cf. Rom. 8:29-30).
"you became the slaves of righteousness" This is an AORIST PASSIVE INDICATIVE, "you became enslaved to righteousness." Believers are freed from sin to serve God (cf. Rom. 6:14,19,22; 7:4; 8:2)! The goal of free grace is a godly life. Justification is both a legal pronouncement and an impetus for personal righteousness. God wants to save us and change us so as to reach others! Grace does not stop with individual believer's salvation (cf. Matt. 28:18-20; Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8).
SPECIAL TOPIC: RIGHTEOUSNESS
6:19 "I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh" Paul is addressing the believers at Rome. Is he addressing a local problem he had heard about (jealousy among Jewish believers and Gentile believers) or is he asserting a truth about all believers? Paul used this phrase earlier in Rom. 3:5, as he does in Gal. 3:15.
Verse 19 is parallel to Rom. 6:16. Paul repeats his theological points for emphasis.
Some would say this phrase means that Paul was apologizing for using slave imagery. However, "because of the weakness of your flesh" does not fit this interpretation. Slavery was not viewed as an evil by first century society, especially in Rome. It was simply the culture of its day. Two thirds of the Roman world were slaves.
"flesh" See SPECIAL TOPIC: FLESH (SARX)
"resulting in sanctification" This is the goal of justification (cf. Rom. 6:22). The NT used this term in two theological senses related to salvation.
SPECIAL TOPIC: SANCTIFICATION