This is incorrect.
The time element had a lot to do with his understanding of predestination.
Something about God seeing everything all at once.
I don't understand it very well and I don't use AI...so that's the best I can do.
And HOW do you think his understanding of predestination was not as fatalistic as Calvin's??
He didn't believe in double predestination...
WHAT'S THE DIFFERNECE?
If you need chatgpt to know this,,,,you don't know enough.
Unfortunately for you--I use a lot of sources and what I use on my Word on my computer.
Augustine's Understanding of Predestination:
Single Predestination:
God’s Foreknowledge and Eternity: Augustine taught that God, in His omniscience and timeless nature, foreknows all events and choices, including who will be saved. His view of predestination was closely tied to the idea that God exists outside of time and sees all of history simultaneously
("all at once"). For Augustine, God’s predestination is based on His foreknowledge of who will freely respond to His grace, but it does not negate human free will.
Electing Grace: Augustine believed that God’s grace is necessary for salvation and that this grace is given to the elect—those whom God has predestined to be saved. However, he did not articulate a system where God predestines some to damnation (known as double predestination).
Rejection of Double Predestination:
Calvin vs. Augustine: Calvin, influenced by Augustine, took the doctrine further by developing the concept of double predestination, where God predestines some people to salvation and others to damnation. Augustine did not explicitly teach this; rather, he focused on the positive aspect of predestination—God choosing certain people for salvation.
Human Responsibility: Augustine maintained that humans have a role in their salvation through the response to God’s grace, though he emphasized that even this response is made possible by grace. This contrasts with Calvin’s more deterministic view, where the outcome is entirely dependent on God’s sovereign choice.
Time Element in Augustine’s Thought:
God’s Eternal Present: Augustine’s view of God seeing everything "all at once" relates to his conception of God’s eternity. Augustine believed that God’s knowledge is not bound by time; He sees past, present, and future in a single, eternal "now." This understanding of time plays into Augustine’s conception of predestination, as God’s knowledge of who will be saved is not something that unfolds over time but is eternally present to Him.
Summary of the Differences:
Augustine: Believed in predestination based on God’s foreknowledge and grace but did not advocate for a deterministic system where individuals have no role in their salvation. He rejected the idea of double predestination, emphasizing God's grace as the means by which the elect are saved.
Calvin: Developed the idea of double predestination, where God predestines some to eternal life and others to eternal damnation, with a more deterministic view of human free will and salvation.
Source:
"The Confessions" and "The City of God" by Augustine: These primary texts from Augustine provide insight into his views on God's foreknowledge, grace, and predestination. His discussions on time and eternity, particularly in The Confessions (Book XI), highlight his view of God's eternal present.
"Augustine: A Guide for the Perplexed" by James Wetzel: This book provides an accessible explanation of Augustine’s complex views, including his thoughts on predestination, grace, and human free will, showing how his ideas developed in response to Pelagianism.
"The Cambridge Companion to Augustine" (edited by Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann): This scholarly collection includes essays that discuss Augustine's theology in depth, particularly his views on predestination and their influence on later Christian thought.
"Predestination: The American Career of a Contentious Doctrine" by Peter J. Thuesen: This book traces the historical development of the doctrine of predestination, including the distinctions between Augustine’s and Calvin’s views.
"The Westminster Handbook to Augustine" by John C. Cavadini: This reference work provides a detailed overview of Augustine's theology, including his approach to predestination, and contrasts it with later developments in Reformed theology.
Then why did he bring them back into his philosophy in his later life?
The claim that Augustine brought back elements of Manichaeanism into his philosophy later in life is a common misconception.
This is funny J.
He INVENTED determinism in the Christian church !
There was no such idea before him.
Clarifying Augustine’s Influence:
Not Absolute Determinism: It’s important to note that Augustine did not advocate for absolute determinism as later Calvinists would. Augustine maintained that human free will exists, but after the Fall, it is so impaired that it can only choose good through divine grace. This is why Augustine's theology is often seen as a middle ground between Pelagianism (which overly emphasizes free will) and later Reformed determinism (which emphasizes predestination and the sovereignty of God almost exclusively).
Historical Context: Before Augustine, the early Church Fathers generally affirmed free will, though their views were not fully systematized in the way Augustine’s were. His contributions were pivotal in shaping Western Christianity’s understanding of the interplay between divine grace and human freedom.
Summary:
Augustine did not "invent" determinism, but his theological developments, particularly concerning grace and predestination, introduced a more complex understanding of free will that leaned toward what could be called a "soft determinism." He argued that human will is not free in the libertarian sense after the Fall, but rather it is bound by sin and only liberated by God’s grace. This nuanced position significantly influenced later Christian thought, including the development of Calvinist determinism.
Sources for Further Reading:
"Augustine and the Limits of Virtue" by James Wetzel
"The Cambridge Companion to Augustine" edited by Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann
"Augustine of Hippo: A Biography" by Peter Brown
Yes.
Better to use the bible than ANY AI system to reply.
I'm rather disappointed to be honest.
So sorry for the disappointment--the source/es has been provided and last time I've checked, ChatGpt can make mistakes and we wouldn't want that, no do we?
J.