Deal bountifully with thy servant, that I may live, and keep thy word.
(gâmal|gaw-mal'|verb|deal fully)
[Heb] גָּמַל ETCBC: גמל [R940] (verb|deal fully) OSHL: c.cj.aa TWOT: 360 GK: H1694 Greek: ἀνταποδίδωμι [G467], βλαστάνω [G985], βουλεύω [G1011], ἐκτρέφω [G1625], ἐνδείκνυμι [G1731], ἐνεργέω [G1754], ἐπάγω [G1863], ἐπιχειρέω [G2021], ἐργάζομαι [G2038], εὐεργετέω [G2109], κάμηλος [G2574]
Derivation: a primitive root;
Strong's: to treat a person (well or ill), i.e. benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e. (specifically) to wean
KJV: bestow on, deal bountifully, do (good), recompense, requite, reward, ripen, [phrase] serve, mean, yield.
Hebrew Word: gamal
Strong's Reference: H1580
Definition: to deal, to recompense, to ripen (ASV: do, deal, requite, reward; RSV: deal, requite, deal bountifully.)
OTW Number: 360 a
Transliteration: gemul
Strong's Reference: H1576
Definition: recompense.
OTW Number: 360b
Transliteration: gemula
Strong's Reference: H1578
Definition: recompense.
OTW Number: 360c
Transliteration: tagmul
Strong's Reference: H8408
Definition: benefit.
OTW Number: 360d
Transliteration: gamal
Strong's Reference: H1581
Definition: camel.
This verb occurs in the Qal and Niphal stems. In the Qal it signifies to render either good or evil to someone. In some passages the two are contrasted (Pro_31:12; 1Sa_24:17 [H18]); in others evil is done (Gen_50:15, Gen_50:17; Pro_3:30); in still others good is done (Isa_63:7). At times the idea is to deal bountifully with (Psa_13:6; Psa_116:7; etc.), or to deal out reward (2Sa_19:36 [H37]). At times there is a recompense or a requital in a bad sense (Psa_7:4 [H5]); Deu_32:6; Psa_137:8).
The Qal form may mean to wean a child (1Sa_1:23-24; 1Ki_11:20; Hos_1:8) so that one reads of the weaned child (gamul; Psa_131:2) or the child weaned from milk (gemule mehalab).
gamal in the Qal may also mean to bear ripe almonds (Num_17:8 [H23]) or to ripen, of grapes (Isa_18:5).
gamal occurs in the Niphal three times, twice of the weaning of Isaac (Gen_21:8) and once of Samuel (1Sa_1:22 ) .
.gemul. Recompense, reward, benefit, dealing. This noun occurs eighteen times. It is the recompense given by God (Isa_3:11; Isa_35:4; Isa_59:18; Isa_66:6; Jer_51:6; Lam_3:64; Oba_1:15; Joe_3:7 (H 4.7]) and by man (Joe_3:4 [H4.4]; Psa_137:8); the benefits God has given (Psa_103:2; 2Ch_32:25), and the deeds one does (Jdg_9:16; Pro_12:14; Isa_3:11). The Psalmist invokes God, the God of recompense (Jer_51:56; cf Deu_28:1-68), to give the wicked his due (Psa_28:4; Psa_94:2).
gemula. Dealing, recompense. This feminine noun is used of the reward which David offered to Barzillai in return for a favor which he showed to David when he was fleeing from Absalom (2Sa_19:37). A plural form in the prophets describes God's retribution to his adversaries (Isa_59:18), in particular to Babylon, for the Lord is a God of recompense (Jer_51:56).
tagmul. Benefit. This is an abstract masculine noun (GKC 85r) from the root gamal. It occurs in the plural with an Aramaic suffix, tagmulohi (GKC 911; Psa_116:12). The ASV renders "benefits", and the RSV, "bounty." Having recovered from an illness, overwhelmed with God's goodness toward him, the Psalmist asks what he should return for such benefits. He answered with self-dedication, sacrifice, and payment of vows.
gamal. Camel. LXX, kamelos. A beast of burden mentioned throughout the OT, from the patriarchal accounts to the postexilic age. Used primarily for riding (Gen_24:61, Gen_24:63; Gen_31:17; 1Sa_30:17; Isa_21:7) and carrying loads, camels were also milked (Gen_32:15-16). Camel flesh is considered edible by Arabs. But Israel's dietary laws prohibited it, since the camel chews the cud, but has no parted hoof (Lev_11:4; Deu_14:7).
The camel's ability to go long periods without water suited him for the spice trade (2Ch_9:1), carrying food some distances, transporting products of Gilead to Egypt (Gen_37:25), transporting tribute (2Ki_8:9 ff, and transporting gifts to the Lord (Isa_60:6). Caravans were of various sizes (Gen_24:10). Making the camels kneel (Gen_24:11), unloading them, and providing food for them (Gen_24:32) was a regular part of the trip. Drawing water for camels at a well at a stopping place was a big task; Rachel's willingness to do it showed her character and answered Eliezer's prayer (Gen_24:10, Gen_24:19, Gen_24:20, Gen_24:44, Gen_24:46).
Raiders rode camels (Jdg_6:5; Jdg_7:12; Jdg_8:21, Jdg_8:26) and often seized the camels of their enemies (Job_1:17; Jer_49:29, Jer_49:32; 1Sa_15:3; 1Sa_27:9; 2Ch_14:15 [H14]); Isa_30:6). One episode lists a booty of fifty thousand camels (1Ch_5:21). Sennacherib lists camels among the booty he took from Judah. Camels were a means of rapid escape (1Sa_30:17). Rabbah of Ammon is threatened with becoming a pasture of camels (Eze_25:5).
The wealth of men like Abraham (Gen_12:16; Gen_24:35), Jacob (Gen_30:43), and Job was counted (along with other livestock) in the number of their camels. Job had three thousand before his affliction, but six thousand afterward (Job_1:3; Job_42:12). David had a special overseer of camels (1Ch_27:30). Like other livestock, camels were victims of the plague in Egypt (Exo_9:3; cf. Zec_14:15). Those who returned from exile are said to have had 435 camels (Ezr_2:67; cf. Neh_7:68).
Albright has argued that the camel was not extensively domesticated until the Iron Age (about 1200). He holds that the patriarchal references are somewhat anachronistic and that the common nomad of that day depended on the ass (SAC, p. 164-65). He does, however, allow that "partial and sporadic domestication may go back several centuries earlier." J. P. Free gathered evidence of earlier use of domesticated camels, though his proof need not be pressed to say that ass nomadism was not the more common (J. P. Free, JNES 3: 187-93.) K. Kitchen since then has brought out additional evidence to demonstrate that the camel was domesticated already in the Early Bronze Age (see Andre Parrot, Syria 32: 323).
Bibliography: Free, Joseph P., "Abraham's Camels," JNES 3: 187-93. Isserlin, B. S., "On Some Possible Occurrences of the Camel in Palestine," PEQ:50-53. Lambert, W. G., "The Domesticated Camel in the Second Millennium: Evidence from Alalakh and Ugarit," BASOR 160: 42-43. THAT, I, pp. 426-28. J.P.L.