Ex. 3:15
"Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel I AM [ehyeh] hath sent me unto you. :)15) And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel,
Jehovah [YHWH], the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you:
this is my name for ever,
and this is my memorial unto all generations.” -
ASV (compare Ex. 3:15 in
JB; LB; Darby; NEB; ERV; HCSB; LEB; NLT; WEB; and
YLT.)
First, we need to note that the original manuscripts (and all copies for many hundreds of years thereafter) had no punctuation and no capitalization (for both Old Testament Hebrew and New Testament Greek). So the only reason “I AM” is capitalized in modern Bibles is that many modern translators believe it should be considered a title or name for God.
The two main points to be made about Exodus 3:14 in the ancient Hebrew manuscripts are:
(1) the word sometimes translated “I AM” in English is not the name of God but merely an explanation of the meaning of his only personal name (“Jehovah” - English form; “Yahweh” - possible Hebrew form), and
(2) translating that Hebrew word (
ehyeh) as “I Am” is probably incorrect.
You can see the truth of point #1 by carefully examining Ex. 3:13-15. Especially when you see a translation that honestly translates God’s name in Ex. 3:15 as “Yahweh” or “Jehovah” (not “L
ORD”). Notice where God used the word “name” in Ex. 3:15 and what it refers to. (Compare Ps. 83:16, 18 - “fill their faces with shame; that they may seek thy name, O L
ORD [mistranslation of “Jehovah” - see
ASV] .... That men may know that thou, whose name alone is
JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth.” -
King James Version.)
It is very clear that although YHWH (Jehovah) is used many thousands of times as God’s personal name throughout the OT by God Himself and His followers, the word
ehyeh is used only once (Ex.3:14) for God.
“Nevertheless, Exod. 3 does not appear to give a new name for the first time but the
explanation of a name known already but now identified as the saving God of Israel....” -
The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, p. 69, Vol. 2, Zondervan, 1986.
In its commentary to Exodus 3:14, the
JPS Tanakh, Jewish Study Bible, Oxford Edition states:
"God's proper name disclosed in the next verse is
YHVH (spelled yod-heh-vav-heh. In Heb., in ancient times, the "vav" was pronounced "w"). But here God first tells Moses its
meaning;
ehyeh-asher-ehyeh, probably best translated as "
I will be what I will be" meaning: "My nature will become evident from my actions."
“
The name of God
“Israel’s ancestors knew God as ‘the L
ORD’, Yahweh (or Jehovah) (Genesis 2:4; Gen 12:1; Gen 26:2; Gen 28:21; Gen 49:18), but the name meant little to the Israelites of Moses’ time. God’s revelation to Moses in the ‘I am’ statement of Exodus 3:14 was an
explanation of what the name Yahweh should have meant to God’s people.” -
Bridgeway Bible Commentary.
“God had made Himself known to Abraham as Jehovah (Genesis 15:7). But here [Ex. 3:14] He gives the
explanation of His name
Jehovah. The patriarchs knew the name Jehovah, but the blessed significance of that name was not known to them.” - Arno Gaebelein's
Annotated Bible.
A further difficulty for this trinitarian “proof” comes from the
high probability that
ehyeh is mistranslated as “I am.” ). I first suspected this when I saw how
ehyeh was translated at Ex. 3:14 in the following Bibles: Moffatt’s translation - “I WILL BE”; Byington’s - “I WILL BE”; Rotherham’s - “I WILL BECOME”;
Concordant Literal Version - “I-SHALL-COME-TO-BE”; Julia Smith’s - “I SHALL BE”; Leeser’s - “I WILL BE”;
New World Translation - “I SHALL PROVE TO BE.”
In addition were the following alternate readings in footnotes:
American Standard Version - “I WILL BE”;
NIV Study Bible - “I WILL BE”;
Revised Standard Version - “I WILL BE”;
New Revised Standard Version - “I WILL BE”;
New English Bible - “I WILL BE”;
Revised English Bible - “I WILL BE”;
Living Bible - “I WILL BE”;
Good News Bible - “I WILL BE”;
English Standard Version - "I WILL BE" .
In contrast to the paucity of evidence for an “I am” interpretation of
ehyeh you will find that all of the books of Moses (the Pentateuch), including Exodus, of course, and the book of Joshua
always use
ehyeh to mean “I will be." A Hebrew interlinear will back this up.
2 Samuel 7:14 in the OT is
quoted in the New Testament Greek scriptures at Hebrews 1:5. Notice that when
ehyeh (2 Sam. 7:14) was translated into the NT Greek by the inspired Bible writer at Heb. 1:5, he didn’t write
ego eimi (“I am”) but
ego esomai (“I will be”)! (
Esomai is also used at 2 Sam. 7:14 in the Septuagint, the ancient Greek OT,)
Ezekiel 11:20 is also quoted in the NT at Heb. 8:10.
Ehyeh in Ezekiel 11:20 is translated as "I will be," of course, and the quoting of this word by the NT writer in Heb. 8:10 is
esomai ("I will be") not
ego eimi (“I am”). (
Ego esomai is used at Ezek. 11:20 in the Septuagint also.)
For my full study of this see:
Examining the Trinity: "I AM" - Part 3