Oh dear!
Let's deal with science first. A scientific law has to be tested in a laboratory and there has to be the possibility of disproving it. For example, the Law of Abiogenesis states that life can only come from pre-existing life. It was formulated by Louis Pasteur who proved that flies did not spontaneously appear in rotting meat by the simple expedient of covering the meat. It can be disproved by someone creating life from inorganic matter in a lab, though no one has managed it yet.
The Theory of Evolution cannot be proven under laboratory conditions, nor is there any way decisively to disprove it. Therefore it remains a theory.
A theological doctrine has nothing to do with scientific laws or theories. It is one that is based of the Bible and is received by a reasonable number of theologians and churches. Thus there is a doctrine of baptismal regeneration, although I presume most here would not agree with it. It is held by the Church of Rome and certain other denominations and articulated by Roman catholic theologians. IMO it is a false doctrine, but a doctrine nonetheless.
A theological theory would be something that someone articulates and puts forward that has not (yet?) been endorsed by other theologians. So the theory may be true and a doctrine may be false, but that is not the basis for the nomenclature.
What I have objected to, both here and on another board, is the sneering supposition that other people's views are theories, whilst one's own views are doctrines or that someone else's understanding of a teaching is a mere theory, while one's own understanding is doctrinal.
Penal Substitution is a doctrine. It is accepted by a substantial number of theologians and churches. Anyone can have a shot at proving it false, but unless his arguments are accepted by others, P.S. will remain a doctrine.
Perhaps it is a language barrier. We speak the President's English, not the Queens.
In our dictionaries we find that
theory means a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. All of the Theories of Atonement, to include the Penal Substitution Theory of Atonement meets the definition of theory.
In our dictionaries the word "
doctrine" means a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group. All of the Theories of Atonement are doctrines as well (all were or are beliefs held and taught by a Church).
So yes, Penal Substitution is a doctrine just as much as Ransom, Moral Influence, Government, Recapitulation, Substitution, etc are all doctrines as they are beliefs held and taught by the Church. No more no less. And they are also all theories as they are suppositions or ideas intended to explain the Atonement.
It is not about proving each of these theories fakse but proving the ones we teach true via Scripture. That is where Penal Substitution Theory fails.
It can only be "proven" true when things are added to Scripture and words redefined (as you have done with "theory" by assuming "scientific theory".
Do you have dictionaries in England? If so, do you use them?
