I don’t mean to derail this thread, but I believe the prologue of John clearly affirms that the two existed simultaneously. Let me know if you agree,
@Hepzibah.
Exegesis of ἦν (ēn, "was") and the Imperfect Tense in John 1:1
The phrase Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος ("In the beginning was the Word") in John 1:1 is a pivotal statement regarding the eternal existence of the Son, and the use of the imperfect verb ἦν (ēn, "was") carries profound implications for understanding His nature and preexistence.
1. Syntactical Analysis of Ἐν ἀρχῇ ("In the beginning")
The phrase Ἐν ἀρχῇ draws an intentional parallel to Genesis 1:1 in the Septuagint (Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς, "In the beginning God created").
However, while Genesis refers to the starting point of creation, John 1:1 employs Ἐν ἀρχῇ to place the Word prior to creation.
The Word is depicted as already existing at the commencement of time, transcending the temporal framework.
This is a deliberate contrast to the aorist verb ἐποίησεν ("created") in Genesis, which denotes a completed action marking the start of creation.
2. The Imperfect Verb ἦν ("was")
The verb ἦν (imperfect form of εἰμί, "to be") is critical to the theological weight of John 1:1. Unlike the aorist tense, which indicates a completed action with a definitive starting point, the imperfect tense conveys continuous or ongoing action in the past.
In this context, ἦν signifies the Word's continuous, eternal existence before and during the beginning of creation. This is contrasted with the later use of the verb ἐγένετο ("came into being") in John 1:3 to describe the creation of all things.
Key Implications of the Imperfect Tense:
Timeless Existence: The use of ἦν in Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος explicitly denies that the Word had a point of origin.
The Word was already existing (ongoingly) when "the beginning" occurred. As Daniel B. Wallace notes in Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, the imperfect here suggests durative action extending indefinitely into the past, underscoring the eternal existence of the Word.
Contrasted with Creation: The verb ἐγένετο in John 1:3 emphasizes the coming into being of created things, thereby distinguishing the uncreated nature of the Word. The Word’s existence is not described in terms of becoming but simply as eternally "being."
3. Semantic Weight of ὁ λόγος ("the Word")
The designation ὁ λόγος emphasizes the Word’s unique identity as divine Person, expression, and communication. The imperfect tense reinforces this identity as not only preexistent but also coexistent with God (πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, "with God"). The Son is not a created intermediary but the eternal expression of God’s nature, inseparable from the Godhead.
4. Theological Significance of the Imperfect Tense
The use of ἦν in all three clauses of John 1:1 highlights three distinct yet interconnected truths about the Word:
Eternality- Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος confirms the Word’s existence before creation, negating any notion of the Son coming into being at a specific point in time.
Distinctiveness- ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν ("the Word was with God") asserts the Word's distinct personhood, while the imperfect tense suggests an eternal relationship.
Divinity- θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος ("the Word was God") declares the full deity of the Word, with the imperfect tense affirming that the Word has always been divine.
Thanks and God bless.
J.