"The point Jesus was making is that Nicodemus should have known the truth that the Holy Spirit is the source of new life because it is revealed in the Old Testament. For instance, Moses told the Israelites prior to entering the Promised Land that “The LORD your God will circumcise your hearts and the hearts of your descendants, so that you may love him with all your heart and with all your soul, and live” (
Deuteronomy 30:6).
Looking at the context of Deuteronomy 30:6
Deuteronomy 30:1-6 KJV
1) And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee,
2) And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalt obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul;
3) That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee.
4) If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee:
5) And the LORD thy God will bring thee into the land which thy fathers possessed, and thou shalt possess it; and he will do thee good, and multiply thee above thy fathers.
6) And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live.
This speaks of a time when they have been scattered to all the nations, and they return to the Lord in heart and soul, that God will regather them, will circumcise their hearts, and they will love the Lord with all their heart and soul. There are numerous prophecies just the same.
This was prophesied as yet future, including in Jeremiah, Isaiah, and Ezekiel. This teaching was given Israel
after their wilderness wandering, in a context of having lived
in the land in disobedience, and the resultant cursing driving them out.
The prophecies are consistent on this, Israel would be scattered to the nations, God would regather them, give them a new heart, they would keep all the statutes and precepts, that is, the entire law and prophets. The regathering would be complete, and permanent. This has yet to be fulfilled.
I'd like to point out that there is no theological or dispensational bias, I'm only pointing to what the passages state. If you think they are saying something otherwise we can look at that.
We also see the theme of regeneration in
Ezekiel 11:19-20 and
Ezekiel 36:26-29."
Theme of regeneration? Or a parallel prophecy?
Ezekiel 11:15-20 KJV
15) Son of man, thy brethren, even thy brethren, the men of thy kindred, and all the house of Israel wholly, are they unto whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said, Get you far from the LORD: unto us is this land given in possession.
16) Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come.
17) Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even gather you from the people, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel.
18) And they shall come thither, and they shall take away all the detestable things thereof and all the abominations thereof from thence.
19) And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh:
20) That they may walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God.
The scattered Israelites will be regathered, given a new heart, and will keep all the law and prophets.
Ezekiel 36:24-28 KJV
24) For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land.
25) Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.
26) A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.
27) And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them.
28) And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.
This is the same, a prophecy that Israel will be regathered from the nations, given a new heart, and keep all God's Law.
Ezekiel 39:25-29 KJV
25) Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Now will I bring again the captivity of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and will be jealous for my holy name;
26) After that they have borne their shame, and all their trespasses whereby they have trespassed against me, when they dwelt safely in their land, and none made them afraid.
27) When I have brought them again from the people, and gathered them out of their enemies' lands, and am sanctified in them in the sight of many nations;
28) Then shall they know that I am the LORD their God, which caused them to be led into captivity among the heathen: but I have gathered them unto their own land, and have left none of them any more there.
29) Neither will I hide my face any more from them: for I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.
Here the prophet adds that this will be the final regathering, after this, they would no more be cast out from their land. Nor should they be, they have been given a new heart, and keep all of God's Law. Therefore they receive the blessings for obedience, and no curses for disobedience.
Again, I am only pointing to what these passages say. And dispensational or other implications, let the chips fall where they may, as they say.