Well, yes that are many contextual errors in the LXX as well. The Promised Land described in Gen 13 and 15 was supposedly a forever covenantal promise, however, when did the possession of the full extent of the described land occur and how many years later was it taken off of Israel such that they were only left with the Land of Canaan?
Some background as I'm sure you are familiar with.
The Promise of the Land in Genesis 13 and 15:
Genesis 13:14-17 (Lexham Translation):
"Yahweh said to Abram... 'Lift up your eyes and see from the place where you are—northward and southward and eastward and westward, for all the land that you see I will give to you and to your descendants forever... Arise, go through the length and breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.'”
Here, God promises Abraham and his descendants an expansive inheritance of land.
Genesis 15:18-21 (Lexham Translation):
"On that day Yahweh made a covenant with Abram, saying, 'To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates: the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.'”
God defines the land boundaries, stretching from the river of Egypt (likely the Wadi el-Arish) to the Euphrates. This vast territory is larger than just Canaan, encompassing parts of modern-day Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq.
2. Fulfillment of the Promise:
The promise of land to Israel can be examined in stages:
Initial Fulfillment: Under Joshua’s leadership, after the Exodus from Egypt, Israel began to take possession of Canaan (Joshua 21:43-45). This was seen as a fulfillment of the promise in part, but not fully extending to the boundaries described in Genesis 15.
Peak Expansion: During the reign of King David and King Solomon (around 1000 BC), Israel controlled the largest portion of the Promised Land. In 1 Kings 4:21 (Lexham Translation), it says:
"Solomon ruled over all the kingdoms from the River (Euphrates) to the land of the Philistines and to the border of Egypt."
This suggests that the promise was most fully realized under Solomon, when Israel had influence over many regions within the Promised Land's full boundary.
3. Loss of the Land:
Despite achieving territorial dominance under David and Solomon, Israel’s control over the land did not last. Due to disobedience to God's covenant, Israel experienced judgment and exile.
Northern Kingdom: The Assyrian conquest in 722 BC resulted in the loss of the northern tribes' land (2 Kings 17:6-23). This was a result of their covenantal disobedience, as outlined in Deuteronomy 28—failure to keep the law meant they would lose their land.
Southern Kingdom (Judah): In 586 BC, the Babylonian Exile occurred when the Babylonians captured Judah and destroyed Jerusalem, further reducing Israel’s territory to just a remnant (2 Kings 25:1-21). By this point, Israel had lost not only the full extent of the Promised Land but also much of their ancestral homeland, reduced primarily to Canaan.
4. Why Was the Land Taken Away?
The
Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 15) was unconditional in terms of the land being given to Abraham’s descendants. However, the later
Mosaic Covenant (given through Moses) was conditional, and Israel's possession of the land was tied to obedience. Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28 make clear that if Israel obeyed God’s commandments, they would live securely in the land; if not, they would be exiled.
Deuteronomy 28:63-64 (Lexham Translation): "And just as Yahweh delighted over you to make you prosperous and to multiply you, so Yahweh will delight over you to exterminate you and to destroy you, and you will be plucked off the land that you are going to possess. And Yahweh will scatter you among all the peoples from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth."
When did Israel possess the full extent of the land?
Israel’s greatest territorial extent occurred under Solomon’s reign around 1000 BC, when they controlled land from the River of Egypt to the Euphrates River (1 Kings 4:21). This was likely the closest fulfillment of the Genesis 15 promise.
When was the land taken away?
Israel gradually lost control over the Promised Land due to disobedience. The Northern Kingdom lost its territory in 722 BC to the Assyrians, and the Southern Kingdom was exiled to Babylon in 586 BC.
Left with Canaan: Following the Babylonian exile, Israel was primarily left with the region of Canaan upon their return, never fully regaining the boundaries of the original promise. Even under Persian, Greek, and Roman rule, Israel remained largely confined to the land of Canaan.
In sum, the full possession of the Promised Land was fleeting, and disobedience led to Israel's gradual loss of the land. The theological emphasis is that the
Abrahamic Covenant assured the land,
but the Mosaic Covenant made Israel’s continued residence contingent on obedience, which they failed to uphold.
Shalom.
J.