I've heard an argument this morning by a YouTuber that Romans 13:1–7 is not about obeying government authorities, and a lot of it seems dependent on which translation one is reading. For instance, many translations say "governing authrorities," while other translations, like the KJV, use the term "higher powers." In Romans 13:7, most translations say, "Render taxes to whom taxes are due," while the KJV uses the word "tribute" instead of taxes. She touts the KJV as the "correct" translation.
The argument given is that the rulers are defined in Romans 13:4 as God's minister or servant, which implies religious rather than governmental authority. Moses is given as an example of God's minister ruling over his people. She implies that the words in other translations were changed to control the people (paraphrasing). She goes on to give examples of Jesus and the disciples disobeying the governing authorities. She basically sums it up by saying we shouldn't submit to governing authorities because they are either oppressive or morally corrupt governments, sanctioning abortion, for example. You can watch her video here.
Okay, so let's dissect this. There's two things that can help us: looking at the original Greek and how it's used and the overall context.
Higher (hyperechō): "higher," "better," "excellency," "pass," "supreme."
Powers (exousia): "power," "authrority," "right," "liberty," "jurisdiction," "strength."
Together they indicate a higher authrority but makes no distinction what type of authority it is. So, we have to rely on the context, and I really think it's dependent on how "phoros" (taxes or tribute) is used.
Phoros: tribute, esp. the annual tax levied upon houses, lands, and persons
The bibical usage would indicate that "taxes" is a proper translation. This is confirmed in Luke 20:22 when the religious leaders asked Jesus, "Is it lawful for us to give tribute (phoros) unto Caesar, or no?" Tribuate clearly meant taxes. And since we don't pay tribute (or taxes) to our religious leaders, Romans 13:1 only makes sense in the context of government authorities.
The next is the issue of rulers being "ministers of God" in Romans 13:4. Are religious leaders ministers of God? Yes. But are they ever referred to as rulers? No, with maybe the exception of Moses (more on him next). Certainly not in the New Testament, except, of course, when Jesus rules and reigns. But can governing authorities be ministers or servants of God (depending on how it's translated)? Calling them ministers or decons doesn't fit, but they could be servants of God if they are godly governments or doing the will of God. Cyrus the Great was the governing authority of his day, and Isaiah 45:1 called him "annointed" because he did God's will. In that respect, he was a servant of God.
As far as Moses goes, he was unique in being a religious leader but also ruiling over his people in a governing capacity. But this was only for a limited time. Eventually, Moses delegated the religious duties to his brother Aaron and turned over much of the governing duties to the elders of Israel. His role after that became more as a judge presiding over cases.
To her last point about not obeying government and citing Jesus and the apostles as examples, I can partially agree. In general, we should obey the governing authorities (that is, if we don't want to go to jail for not paying our taxes). Jesus acknowledged as much when he said, "“Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” (Luk 20:25). Paul, who wrote Romans, told the believers in Crete to be submissive to rulers and authorities (Titus 3:1).
The caviet is not obeying the governing authorities if it goes against God's word. In such cases, it's better to obey God than men (Acts 529). There are righetous and unrighetous acts of rebellion. Lucifer rebelling against God was an unrighetous act of rebellion. Jesus and the apostles rebelling against the governing authorities while doing God's will was a righteous rebellion. The determining factor is if the actions of the governing authorities are just or not. Just governments are defined as a terror to evil, not to good (Rom 13:3). That is a distinction that she fails to make, though her heart seems in the right place.
The argument given is that the rulers are defined in Romans 13:4 as God's minister or servant, which implies religious rather than governmental authority. Moses is given as an example of God's minister ruling over his people. She implies that the words in other translations were changed to control the people (paraphrasing). She goes on to give examples of Jesus and the disciples disobeying the governing authorities. She basically sums it up by saying we shouldn't submit to governing authorities because they are either oppressive or morally corrupt governments, sanctioning abortion, for example. You can watch her video here.
Okay, so let's dissect this. There's two things that can help us: looking at the original Greek and how it's used and the overall context.
Higher (hyperechō): "higher," "better," "excellency," "pass," "supreme."
Powers (exousia): "power," "authrority," "right," "liberty," "jurisdiction," "strength."
Together they indicate a higher authrority but makes no distinction what type of authority it is. So, we have to rely on the context, and I really think it's dependent on how "phoros" (taxes or tribute) is used.
Phoros: tribute, esp. the annual tax levied upon houses, lands, and persons
The bibical usage would indicate that "taxes" is a proper translation. This is confirmed in Luke 20:22 when the religious leaders asked Jesus, "Is it lawful for us to give tribute (phoros) unto Caesar, or no?" Tribuate clearly meant taxes. And since we don't pay tribute (or taxes) to our religious leaders, Romans 13:1 only makes sense in the context of government authorities.
The next is the issue of rulers being "ministers of God" in Romans 13:4. Are religious leaders ministers of God? Yes. But are they ever referred to as rulers? No, with maybe the exception of Moses (more on him next). Certainly not in the New Testament, except, of course, when Jesus rules and reigns. But can governing authorities be ministers or servants of God (depending on how it's translated)? Calling them ministers or decons doesn't fit, but they could be servants of God if they are godly governments or doing the will of God. Cyrus the Great was the governing authority of his day, and Isaiah 45:1 called him "annointed" because he did God's will. In that respect, he was a servant of God.
As far as Moses goes, he was unique in being a religious leader but also ruiling over his people in a governing capacity. But this was only for a limited time. Eventually, Moses delegated the religious duties to his brother Aaron and turned over much of the governing duties to the elders of Israel. His role after that became more as a judge presiding over cases.
To her last point about not obeying government and citing Jesus and the apostles as examples, I can partially agree. In general, we should obey the governing authorities (that is, if we don't want to go to jail for not paying our taxes). Jesus acknowledged as much when he said, "“Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” (Luk 20:25). Paul, who wrote Romans, told the believers in Crete to be submissive to rulers and authorities (Titus 3:1).
The caviet is not obeying the governing authorities if it goes against God's word. In such cases, it's better to obey God than men (Acts 529). There are righetous and unrighetous acts of rebellion. Lucifer rebelling against God was an unrighetous act of rebellion. Jesus and the apostles rebelling against the governing authorities while doing God's will was a righteous rebellion. The determining factor is if the actions of the governing authorities are just or not. Just governments are defined as a terror to evil, not to good (Rom 13:3). That is a distinction that she fails to make, though her heart seems in the right place.