There are four irrefutable reasons why Paul here is speaking of the yearly "sabbath" ceremonial Feast days of the ceremonial Mosaic Law here, not the weekly Sabbath of the Ten Commandments.
Grace is not a license to sin - the Christian is never free from his "reasonable service" obligation to keep God's law to not steal, lie, worship idols, break the Sabbath.
Again, there are four irrefutable reasons for why this passage refers to the Mosaic Law, not the Ten Commandments. For instance, the Feast Days "sabbaths" were indeed "shadows of things to come" which pointed to the coming Messiah: Passover lamb, Unleavened Bread, First fruits, etc. However, the weekly Sabbath of the fourth commandment wasn't a shadow of anything future, it was made as a memorial to the past, according to Genesis 2:1-3 KJV and not among those things nailed to the Cross - we are to keep it now and for all eternity, says Isaiah.
Also, where Paul says it was "against us" can be shown to not refer to the weekly Sabbath, the entire list of Paul's things "nailed to the Cross" can be shown to only refer to what Moses wrote, not what God wrote in the Ten Commandments.